Saturday, August 31, 2019

Racial Culture: A Critique, by Richard T. Ford Essay

Over the last thirty years, critical race and gender theorists have questioned whether and if law can protect difference in a meaningful way, especially in the workplace. Richard T. Ford, a law professor at Stanford University, provides an interesting critique of the resulting â€Å"multicultural assumptions of difference† in his book RACIAL CULTURE. While he recognizes most refutations of these approaches come from conservatives with a political agenda of legal colorblindness, Ford explicitly asserts he shares the political and social goals of the progressive left. More specifically, he refutes colorblindness as a means of equality. Ford argues that racial identity politics have the liability of undermining their stated objective of eliminating racism in the workplace. The author is clear; his opposition to discrimination based on status does not mean that one is not ambivalent about the development of a new legal category of discrimination based on culture. His overarching concern is that â€Å"race,† which is socially and economically constructed, is given additional legitimacy by the assumption that every race manifests cultural similarities and that these cultural artifacts should be protected in the same manner as racism. [A]nti-discrimination law should be refined so as to recognize only those differences attributable to the production of formal status hierarchy, for the purpose of eliminating or reducing the ill-effects of such hierarchies. Difference discourse, by metastasizing status into a thick social identity, distracts from and confuses the vital task of correcting status hierarchy. Legal decision [*217] makers need to be aware of status differences and castelike social practices in order to correct the injustices that they do. But we should resist the temptation to write a speculative sociology of group difference into law or to enlist the state into a psychotherapeutic quest to validated â€Å"repressed† identities. Finally, Ford is concerned that in privileging racial culture we foster an environment of conflict and competition, without a thoughtful analysis of which cultures are most worthy of protecting. His assumption is that racial integration should be a dominant goal of society, with members of racial groups selecting for themselves which aspects of their culture are most worthy of preserving. Many readers may agree with aspects of his legal argument, without completely accepting his rejection of identity politics as â€Å"provincialism. † Ford offers instead a vision of â€Å"cosmopolitanism† in which â€Å"minority cultural practices will survive without legal protection, albeit often in an altered, fragmented and recombined form, and that such survival in an admittedly Hobbesian social competition is preferable to the distorted and blinkered version of group difference we should expect cultural rights to produce† . While Ford’s analysis is wide-ranging, well-written, and fascinating, there are several limitations to his argument. His own assumptions regarding employment discrimination law are disturbing. His reliance on current employment discrimination law as the best means for redressing racism ignores several factors that the â€Å"difference† discourse has revealed. One factor is the gap for women of color within the protections of Title VII. To demonstrate racial discrimination, women of color must show that others of their race were treated similarly, but if those similarly-situated are men, the discrimination may not be evident. To demonstrate gender discrimination, women of color must show that others of their gender were treated similarly, but if white women are those who are similarly-situated, such discrimination may not be apparent. Contemporary Title VII jurisprudence frequently does not allow for interactions between race and gender that are unique to women of color. The formal equality required by Title VII is limited in how well it can protect against explicit racism, let alone against the â€Å"proxies of race† illustrated by cultural practice. Another area that requires further development is Ford’s extension of cultural analysis to less comparable areas of employment discrimination law—in particular, sexual preference and gender. His premise that sexual preference should be protected as status, rather than as behavior or culture, ignores the lesser protection granted sexual preference under the law compared to racial discrimination. Ford does not address the unanswered question within the law of whether sexual preference is behavior or immutable characteristic. The current judicial acceptance of lower levels of scrutiny to protect sexual preference in the workplace means that a simple reliance on current employment discrimination law will not render the results he professes are necessary. Finally, his equivalence of gender discrimination to race is disappointing, especially in the area of pregnancy. While the right to difference literature [*218] builds on a century of analysis by feminist scholars, there are clear differences between the two. However, Ford perceives pregnancy as a form of gender culture, as braids or language can be for race. But this analogy does not work. Discrimination against pregnancy is not justified by employers solely on the basis of predicted workplace impacts of the actual pregnancy, but also because women have the potential to become pregnant. Since pregnancy is a biological reality, how can it be simply another cultural manifestation or behavior choice? A second difference is that, unlike forms of racial or ethnic culture, Congress revised Title VII to incorporate pregnancy into the definition of gender discrimination. 4 Part 2- How racial Identity affects an individual in society Individual youth who experience discrimination carry higher stress burden People’s beliefs that they are being treated badly because racial or gender bias increases their stress levels, and may lead to increased emotional and behavioral problems, according to a study of black and white youth. Understanding how race and gender affect youths’ well-being â€Å"is necessary not only for promoting optimal individual development, but also for meeting the nation’s social and economic needs,† says lead study author David L. DuBois, Ph. D., of the School of Public Health at the University of Illinois at Chicago. DuBois conducted the research while at the University of Missouri, Columbia. Previous studies have focused on older study participants, but little is known about how younger age groups are affected by discrimination or prejudice, according to the study, which is published in the September/October issue of Child Development. DuBois and his colleagues administered a series of questionnaires to 350 students in grades 5-8. This group of students included comparable numbers of blacks and whites, females and males. One survey, which included questions like â€Å"Were you called names or insulted at school about your race/ethnicity† and â€Å"Were you treated unfairly at school because you are a girl/boy,† was designed to measure discriminatory experiences and how study participants were affected by them, while others measured major life stressors, racial and gender identity, self-esteem and behavior. The researchers found significant differences among the student groups. Black study participants, both males and females, reported more experiences with discrimination and prejudice. The study setting, a Midwestern school district in which blacks were a minority in both student body and staff, may have contributed to these higher perceived levels, according to the study. â€Å"In this context many black youth may not have felt adequately supported in their efforts to deal with situations involving perceived victimization or unfair treatment on the basis of race,† DuBois says. The black students who reported higher levels of discrimination were more likely to have emotional problems, the researchers found. Such problems may stem from internalized anger, according to findings from other studies. The researchers also found that the black participants in their early teens reported feeling a stronger sense of racial identity than same-age whites. The new study and previous studies have found that at this age, blacks tend to have higher self-esteem than whites. DuBois and his colleagues found that a strong racial identity is important in helping to enhance the self-esteem of black youth. 5 How Racial Identity Affects School Performance of an Individual We investigated the sources of differences in school performance between students of different races by focusing on identity issues. We find that having a higher percentage of same-race friends has a positive effect of white teenagers’ test score while having a negative effect on blacks’ test scores. However, the higher the education level of a black teenager’s parent, the lower this negative effect, while for whites, it is the reverse. It is thus the combination of the choice of friends (which is a measure of own identity) and the parent’s education that are responsible for the difference in education attainment between students of different races but also between students of the same race. One interesting aspects of this paper is to provide a theoretical model that grounds the instrumental variable approach used in the empirical analysis to deal with endogeneity issues. 6 Our Racial Identity affects who we see in society The authors asked biracial participants (one Black and one White parent) to think about their Black parent’s ethnicity. After, they could spot the presence or lack of a Black face in a crowd of White faces with the same speed and accuracy as a monoracial Black person. The same held true when asked to think of their White parent. Although all detected Black faces faster than white faces, biracial students were affected by thinking about one half of their racial identity and then behaved as if they were monoracial. Black, white, and biracial participants performed the visual search task by looking at Black and White faces on a computer screen. To prep the biracial individuals, the participants were asked to write about their mother or father’s ethnicity. Black-primed and White-primed biracial individuals differed significantly in the searches, displaying the effects of the manipulation. â€Å"These findings demonstrate that visual perception is malleable to top-down influences, such as orientation provided by one’s racial group membership,† the authors conclude. References: 1. AAPA Statement on Biological Aspects of Race America Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) 2. http://genomebiology. com/2002/3/7/comment/2007 3. Alicia Fedelina Chavez, Florence Guido-DiBrito Racial and Ethnic Identity and Development NEW DIRECTIONS FOR ADULT AND CONTINUING EDUCATION, no.84, Winter 1999  © Jossey-Bass Publishers 39 4. Richard T. Ford. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004. Vol. 15 No. 3 (March 2005), pp. 215-218 5. Pamela Ippoliti, www. hbns. org 6. Eleonora Patacchini (eleonora. patacchini@uniroma1. it) (University of Rome â€Å"La Sapienza†)Yves Zenou (yvesz@iui. se) (IUI, GAINS, CEPR and IZA Bonn) 7. Joan Y. Chiao, Hannah E. Heck, and Ken Nakayama are at Harvard University. Nalini Ambady is at Tufts University. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. , May 10, 2006.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Potbelly Sandwich Works

â€Å"Potbelly Sandwich Works† Summary: Potbelly Sandwich Works is a privately held restaurant chain that sells submarine sandwiches in the United States. Potbelly Sandwich Works began in 1977 founded by Peter Hastings. The original store is located in Chicago, in a retail space that was previously an antique store, Hindsight, also owned by Hastings. Many of the items that decorate the store were taken from the former business. Despite the fast-paced, never-a-dull-moment world of antique dealing, the couple decided to bolster their business by making sandwiches for their customers. What began as a lark, turned out to be a stroke of genius. Soon, people who couldn't care less about vintage glass doorknobs were stopping by to enjoy special sandwiches and homemade desserts in this unusual atmosphere. Its name is derived from potbelly stoves common in the late 19th century. In 1998, Bryant L. Keil purchased the original store and expanded Potbelly to over 200 stores in Illinois, Indiana Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Texas, Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Washington D. C. , Kentucky, and Wisconsin. When Bryant Keil paid $1. 7 million for Potbelly Sandwich Works in 1996, people thought he was crazy. Convinced he could take the unique sandwich joint to the next level; Keil acquired Potbelly and has since grown the concept into a 10-state chain that posted 2006 revenue of $140 million. Although Potbelly has many sandwich shop rivals and competition in the fierce quick-serve segment of the restaurant industry, Potbelly has more than held its own. Billed as â€Å"a unique and quirky sandwich joint,† it has a unique appeal. Potbelly’s core strategy elements include the 4P’s- Product, Place, Promotion, and Price. As the years passed, the lines grew. Booths were added, along with ovens for toasting sandwiches to perfection, vista-coolers, napkin dispensers, hand-dipped ice cream – even live music. The little antique shop had become the full-fledged, totally unique sandwich joint that you enjoy today. Potbelly’s core strategy elements include the 4P’s- Product, Place, Promotion, and Price. First is the Product. Anyone can sell a sandwich; you need to be able to sell an experience. Industry observers point to several aspects of the Potbelly experience that make it the first choice for young professionals on a quick lunch break. Friendly service and an unbeat atmosphere, live music, antique fixtures, real books for customers to read or borrow create a homey environment for customers. Then there is the Place. Geographic locations are selected carefully. Bryant Keil looks for cities that are not saturated with sandwich chains and have an urban/suburban density of core customers-young professionals less than 35 years old. Locations must be convient for them since Potbelly stores rely on high repeat business. Then there goes Promotion. Promotions are keyed to events like store openings and National Sandwich Day. For example, on National Sandwich Day, Potbelly hosts a â€Å"Belly Buster† sandwich eating contest at Potbelly stores. Prizes are awarded to winners and runners-up. Other event promotions raise money for local charities such as food banks, and community- based reading and music appreciatin programs. Then goes the last P which is Price. Potbelly sandwiches sell for $3. 79. Pricing is an integral part of the value Potbelly offers customers and can be summed up as, â€Å"Just good food at good prices. Considered separately, any one of Potbelly’s marketing strategy elements may not seem overly powerful as a competitive weapon, but combined and implemented with zeal, they are a significant competitive threat to national, regional, and local competitors. The idea behind Potbelly is simple: superior value, fun-filled atmosphere, warm, comfy decor, and quick friendly service.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

American History Essay Example for Free (#6)

American History Essay African American (597) , American history (69) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints â€Å"The sad truth is that most evil is done by people who never make up their minds to be good or evil† was a wise phase once uttered by Hannah Arendt. I love this quote because is perfectly describes the two boys from â€Å"American History X,† Danny and Derek. These two boys have seen and done it all when it comes to hate groups, as both were members of a neo-nazi hate group. Neo- Nazi hate groups use authoritarian, scapegoat, normative, and exploitation theories to justify their hate, discrimination, and torture of anyone who isn’t a part of the â€Å"supreme race,† or white. Boy Danny and Derek end up in this life from an early age. Parents are one of the biggest, if not the biggest influence on a child’s life. When Danny and Derek were both relatively young they looked up to their father, thought of him as the â€Å"ideal† man. However their father was a racist, influencing almost every thought the boys had. At family dinner when talking about about a black school teacher their father said, â€Å"It’s nigger bullshit,† and warned Derek not to buy into the equality teachings. Because Danny and Derek both looked up to their dad so much, this would be and example of the exploitation theory. Exploitation theory is when one societal group, in this case whites, use hostility to keep their position and power intact. This really come into play after Danny and Derek’s father was murdered and Derek believes it was a race related killing. Right after their father died, Derek joined a neo-nazi hate group known as the DOC(Disciples of Christ). Being extreme believers in the white supremacy movement, the DOC acted out with violence and extreme hatred toward any other race, especially blacks. Derek, being a high ranking member, murdered 2 black men for the cause. He served three years for the murders, which impacted his whole family tremendously. At the beginning of Derek’s sentence he did not want any visitors, claiming it would be to hard to see his family. He made friends with other neo-nazi members in prison, but soon started realizing that they were not serious about the cause like he was. He also started becoming friends with his black work partner who said, â€Å"I ain’t the nigger in here, you are† Derek started realizing that white supremacy what basically just a scapegoat. Meaning that the followers of the movement were just trying to find someone to blame for their problems, which in this case happened to be  the blacks. After befriending his black work mate he realized that blacks are human too. Once he could recognize blacks as human he finally felt guilt for killing to people, not niggers, people. Derek was determined to help his brother and family by getting them out of the gangs and hate. One of the biggest influences on Derek while in jail was his principal from high school. He was a black man with experience in dealing with â€Å"troubled youth.† He gave Derek the push he needed by saying, â€Å"Has anything you’ve done made your life better?†. Later Derek told Danny, â€Å"It’s just because I was pissed off†. I think this was Derek’s way of responding to his principal, he really didn’t believe in the cause it was more of just an outlet for his anger that his father would have approved of. While Derek is locked up. American History. (2016, Oct 18). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Discussion Week 2 Chapter 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Week 2 Chapter 3 - Assignment Example Maryland’s unemployment went up to 6.8% because it shed over 75,000 jobs in May. Jobs in construction industry went down by 4,600,manufacturing went down by 300 jobs, professional and business services saw a job cut of about 3100 jobs with financial sector seeing a decrease of 800 jobs. Even though it lost all the jobs Maryland’s unemployment rate is still above the national average of 8.2%. Virginias unemployment is quite much lower than the nationals average of 8.2%.This can be attributed to more job creation through new business start ups with the total number of unemployed standing at 241862.Eventhough the DCs unemployment rate is still higher than the national average, the district has added has since 2011 added almost 16,100 jobs. This can be attributed to 200 jobs which were added by the public sector while manufacturing, trade, transportation and other sector adding almost 200

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Strategic View of The NRF 97th Annual Convention & Expo Case Study

Strategic View of The NRF 97th Annual Convention & Expo - Case Study Example The presenter recommended that building of mutual aid networks, tightening the management, communicating effectively, being foresighted and taking preventing measures are the way to minimize the losses occurring from the threat to homeland security. The human resources are considered to be the most valuable assets of a company. They are also referred to as the 'intellectual assets' of the company since they are knowledgeable about the company's policies, processes, and workings. Managing these assets properly (talent management), prevents a business from making losses. By efficiently managing these resources, the company can do more with less. The important thing is not to let employees leave their company because when an employee leaves the company, he/she takes away the knowledge with him/her. Therefore the presenter recommends that jobs should be made more interesting, working should be team based to increase motivation, the working environment should be friendly yet challenging and rewards and credits should be given to individuals for their ideas and contributions. (Huang, 1998) Crime in the business vicinity takes a major portion in the losses incurred by the company. Shortage in the merchandise caused by employee theft and shoplifting, accounts for 78% of the losses in the merchandising business, while errors make up the rest. According to the presentation, organized retail crime is behind most of the shrinking merchandise. Their intent is to steal desirable products with the intent to resell. These sales can be made at a local pawn shop where approximately they receive 30% of the retail price. With the technological advances, they can also send these items online where no links of stolen goods can be found and get up to 70% of the value. However, return fraud is also very common where people return the stolen items back to the retailers by creating counterfeit receipts and tickets. To prevent these issues the presenter recommends the use of intelligence sharing, installing tracking equipment like GPS, data mining to analyze fraudulent trends, training an d Education programs to catch their people and invigorating the legislative efforts to put stricter punishments for the offenders.

Monday, August 26, 2019

A Review of Performance Appraisal Practices nad Policy Options. A Case Literature

A of Performance Appraisal Practices nad Policy Options. A Case Study on a Local Nightclub - The Plug - Literature review Example An effective, valid, strong and accurate appraisal system for rating the performance of employees is indispensable in ensuring effective functioning of the performance management system and helping the organization attain competitive advantage ((Kuvaas, 2006:506; Boachie-Mensah & Seidu, 2012; Abdulakadir, Isaika, and Adedoyin, 2012:124). The outcome of the appraisal process, the accuracy of employee ratings as well as perceived effectiveness of the appraisal process is critical as such inputs are often used by organizations to make various decisions in promotion and compensation, administrative, and training and development. Performance appraisal systems also make it possible for employees to understand their capability development and their performance, and in this sense keep employee morale high and improve organizational health. This is possible through an effective and fair appraisal system (Boachie-Mensah and Seidu, 2012). Various research studies have explored performance Appra isal systems and the need for such systems to work effectively in organizations. This section reviews literature on performance appraisal practices and policy options by looking at main approaches in performance appraisal, objectives of performance appraisal programs, issues surrounding performance appraisal systems, the managerial role and employee perceptions in performance appraisal, and performance appraisal practices in the entertainment / nightlife industry. Background of Performance Appraisal Performance Appraisal has been in existence since the industrial revolution where it was used a means of monitoring organizational output (Fandray, 2001). However during the earlier days, it was used more as a negative procedure than a positive one. It was often linked to punishment and reactivity to poor performance (Kennedy & Dresser, 2001). This implies that the performance appraisal focused on punishment of employees for poor performance as a way of motivating the employees to perfor mance highly. However, overtime the performance appraisal has continually evolved over the years. Kennedy and Dresser (2001:8) note that, as years passed organizations gradually refined their performance measurement techniques that focused on improving performance, with the trend focusing more on a move towards rewards than punishment. In the past three decades, researchers and practitioners have vigorously and critically analysed and examined the effectiveness of how various performance appraisals are used within different organisational contexts (Kondrasuk, 2011). Though there have been a wide array of studies on effectiveness of performance appraisal system, no consensus has yet been reached concerning what type of performance appraisal universally best meets the desired objectives of various organisational contexts. This implies that different performance appraisal systems are suitable for different organisational contexts. Definition of Performance Appraisal and main approaches Various scholars have defined performance appraisal in a number of ways. Armstrong (2006:450) defined it as steps involved in assessing the performance of employees, recording such performance and providing feedback to the employees. It is a formal employee monitoring system (Cardy & Dobbins, 1994; Ikramullah, et al, 2012: 144), which often involves evaluation of employees performance based on the opinions and judgments of supervisors, workers, managers, peers and subordinates (Jackson & Schuler, 2003:455). On the other hand, Nath (2011:648) defines it as formal procedures employed in evaluating employee’s contributions, possibilities and potentials within an organization. This

Europe's Promise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Europe's Promise - Essay Example Thus, while America has been instrumental in supporting the revolution and reestablishment of post world war II Europe, it is now emerging that another world power is developing. However, the difference between American as a superpower and the emerging Europe world power is that; Europe has collectively embraced all the social, environmental and economic strategies that will create an economic hub that is less prone to financial crisis, a social setting that affords social, cultural and welfare sustainability for its population, as well as an environmental focus that will enhance environmental sustainability (Hill, 43). Europe’s new promise is to develop a human society that has economic security and empowerment, and which has embraced global new vision for humans; the vision of wellbeing and comfort. The argument of the book is that the social capitalist approach is the best hope for the future generational stability in the world, as opposed to the pure capitalism approach ap plied by the United States, which has served to alienated its people since the end of the world war II, through creating a society that is lacking in equality and economic sustainability (Hill, 52). The consequence has been the creation of a society that is divided right through the middle, with a certain percentage of the American society joining the higher class, a class defined by immense wealth, while there is still another class on the bottom of the hierarchy that is poverty-stricken. The social and economic inequality has been contributed by the purely capitalist approach, which enables the rich and the owners of the factors of production to continuously enrich themselves, while the lower class of workers rarely gets an opportunity to move up the ladder (Hill, 117). It is such a system that has created an American society where the population obtains less for the value of their money, since when the costs of out-of-pocket services are combined with the taxes that the American pays, the value is equivalent with that of the European population, yet the value of the public services delivered to the Americans are much lower (Hill, 33). Therefore, the hope for the new and emerging democracies should lie on the constitutional reforms applied by the European nations, as opposed to the libertarian approach that is characteristic of the United States democracy. Further, the European healthcare and the social welfare systems are more efficient and effective in catering for the European vast population, compared to those of America, where the provision of healthcare is not equitable and universal, and thus there is no guarantee for the health welfare of the American population (Hill, 272). Additionally, the social welfare system of America is inequitable and does not take good care of the older generation, most of whom, are left to grapple with the problem of catering for their health services after retirement, considering that the social welfare system is not well integrated with the healthcare system, to ensure the holistic caring of the population. Similarly, the labor rights in the European countries are based on an equitable system

Sunday, August 25, 2019

INTERNET ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

INTERNET ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example personal and employer sections. The individuals have a wide range of options which include the ‘Salary – Wizard  ®Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, job searches, education and a blog where there are career advancement articles. The best feature of this website is that it allows the users to gain a better understanding of their worth in the industry and the salary that they can expect for their current position. The website also provides excellent tips in the articles to help individuals improve their skills and education. This website has been designed to assist both the prospective employees and employers equally (Salary.com, 2009). The website however does lack one element which is extremely essential and can be a bigger source of income for the website as well (Salary.com-Articles, 2009). In the education section for individuals, if the website did provide links to universities and organizations which provide the training this would be beneficial for all, the individual, the website and the university stated. I would definitely recommend this site to all my friends simply because of the wide area that it covers. Being a student myself, I understand the need for career development and career advancement assistance. This website proves to be helpful for career advancement, and also to assist people to realize their worth in the market. Hence I would definitely recommend this site to others. This website has been developed with a major focus on only ‘law related’ jobs. The main audiences for this website are people in the law field. The website does cater to the needs of a niche of the market and provides the individuals with experience and education in the law field. The website has been developed with a very simple design, however the information on the website is not organized and there is an influx of information, which creates a chaos on the website. The website can clearly be improved with a bettered design and a more

Saturday, August 24, 2019

SUBBAND CODING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SUBBAND CODING - Essay Example Index terms-- template, markup, discount I. INTRODUCTION The degree to which the bit rate can be reduced or compressed without impairing the quality of the decoded signal strongly determines the efficiency of an encoding technique. Typically, speech and audio signals have a high degree of redundancy which may be exploited to reduce the bit rate. In addition, the human auditory system possesses certain properties which may be useful in reducing the bit rate without compromising the quality of the decoded signal. 1 To take advantage of the aforementioned properties, a variety of techniques have been developed to efficiently represent speech and audio signals in digital form for either transmission or storage purposes. Since two different sub bands in each signal exist, the lower-frequency band and high-frequency band, and most of the energy in the signal is contained in the lower frequencies, it is possible to encode the lower-frequency band with more bits than the high-frequency band. Sub-band coding is a powerful approach where a speech or audio signal is broken down into several frequency bands and each band is digitally encoded separately. 2 II. Sub-Band coding implementation Figure 1 shows the basic configuration of the two- band sub-band design. The input signal represented as xi (n) is divided into two equally spaced frequency bands by low pass filter and high pass filter, represented as H1 and H2 respectively. After deviation, the sampling rate of each sub-band signal is reduced by a factor of 2. For instance, if the sampling rate for the input signal is Fs, then the sampling rate for each of the sub band after the deviation will be Fs/2. Reducing the signal by a factor of 2 follows every after frequency subdivision. By allocating a different number of bits per sample to the signal in the sub-bands, a reduction in the bit rate of the digitalized speech signal can be achieved. Meanwhile, the receiver converts the sub-band signals back to their original sam pling rate by using the similar low pass and high pass filters as the input. The sum of two sub-band signals represented as xo (n) is the reconstructed signal of the input signal (Figure 1). Figure 1 After the input signal has been decomposed into two sub-band signals, each signal is then passed through the Quantizers. The resulting signals are represented as QL and QH in the figure above. Filter design is particularly important in achieving good performance in sub-band coding.2 III. implementing the system using sub-band coding A. Creating a New Paper For writing a paper from scratch using the IEEETRAN.DOT template, or creating an empty document in the template for cutting and pasting text from an existing file in some non-Word format, the following steps should be followed: 1. Copy IEEETRAN.DOT into the template’s directory, e.g., C:\MSoffice\Templates, so that it will be available from within Word. 2. Open Microsoft Word. 3. In the File menu, select New option. In the New dialog, select IEEETRAN.DOT. 4. IEEETRAN.DOT's startup macro will pop up a dialog box requesting to type in text for several of the paper’s elements. Some information may be typed in the box if all the information being asked is not yet available. In fact, the default text can be left in place for the meantime. These elements can always be edited later. Note that the macro will not be repeated when the user re-opens the document. The cursor should now be positioned near the top of the paper, indicating that the program is now ready to begin

Friday, August 23, 2019

Compare and Contrast Composers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compare and Contrast Composers - Essay Example He started to play the guitar and sing at a very early age when he started to sing with the church choir. The choir-master was J. M. Franck who began to teach the little boy and soon he chose Haydn to sing in St. Stephen’s Cathedral. As he entered his teenage years, his voice had started to crack and left the choir by force. After he was left to fend for himself he earned money as a composer, musician and teacher. His talent and teaching attracted many of the students who wanted to learn more about music, and soon he rented an attic where he started a formal musical program. In these years he composed divertimenti and string quartets which were the styles of music at that time (Grave 34). In 1761 Prince Paul Anton Esterhazy appointed Haydn as the Vice-Kappellmeister of his own private musical institution. With this opportunity Haydn did experiment many combinations of instruments and vocals with freedom. After the death of the prince, Haydn was appointed by Johann Peter Saloma n who was a violinist from London and soon he became the most successful composer ever seen. He composed hundreds of compositions and that gave a new and ever lasting effect to the classical music. His quartets initiated a new art that is still alive today. Bob Dylan’s background and involvement in music: Robert Zimmerman was the name given to Bob Dylan by his parents. He was born in Minnesota and spent his childhood years in listening to blues and the country stations on radio. He was thus attracted to rock and roll so he formed many bands while was in high school. He also performed many songs of Elvis Presley in Golden Chords. His interest in rock and roll music also gave a way to the American folk music. For him he said that rock and roll music was not enough as it did not reflect the realistic features of life. With folk music he got the chance to get into a more serious thing as the songs were filled with despair, sadness, and faith and deep feelings (Shelton 142). While he was in university he became involved in the Dinkytown folk music circuit. During those days he started calling himself Bob Dylan as influenced by Dylan Thomas’s poetry. Dylan’s early songs like ‘The Times That Are a-Changin’’ and ‘Blowin’ in the Wind’ became the anthems of the Civil Rights and anti-war movements. His song ‘Like a Rolling Stone’ created new parameters in popular music. He used electric instruments in his recordings. On the other hand Haydn was called the Father of the String Quarter and Father of the Symphony due to his contribution to these forms of music. He also played a part in developing the piano trio and the evolution of sonata form. Characteristics of music Haydn’s music: Both the composers had their own way to compose their music. They created a new era in the music industry through the use of their instruments, materials, talent and thought. Haydn’s music was a different ty pe of genre which was popular at that time. He gave a new look to the classical music by developing huge structures out of simple and short musical motifs. His work marked the development of the sonata form and he was fond of music that established similar dominant and opening themes. He also initiated the double variation form in classical style

Thursday, August 22, 2019

African American Musuem Essay Example for Free

African American Musuem Essay The African Museum in Philadelphia is notable as the first museum funded and built by a municipality to help preserve, interpret and exhibit the heritage of African Americans. Opened during the 1976 Bicentennial celebrations, the AAMP is located in historic Philadelphia, a few blocks away from the Liberty Bell. Charles H. Wesley was a noted African American historian, educator, and author. He was the fourth African American to receive a Ph. D. from Harvard University. An ordained minister, Wesley’s distinguished career included 40 years of leadership with the African Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1976, he served as Director of the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum in Philadelphia, now known as the African American Museum in Philadelphia. Programs The African American Museum that is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has some interesting education programs. These education programs focus on arts, culture, and heritage education. They place a major emphasis on the interests of the students, educators, artists, historians, scholars, and community organizations. These programs offer diversity with scheduling. The programs explore various African forms of cultural expressions. In these programs there are literary performances, hands on demonstrations, workshops, and storytelling performances as well. The African American Museum in Philadelphia feels its programs can be a vital link between the permanent and visiting collections for the many communities they serve. Exhibitions The exhibitions in the African American Museum in Philadelphia can some to be pleasing to the eye and stimulating to the mind. According to the African American Museum of Philadelphia these exhibitions invoke a deep collection of emotion ranging from pride and passion to excitement and enthusiasm. When visitors enter the museum they will come to Gallery 1, which includes a interactive timeline, images draw from historical record, that spans 100 years of history. In Gallery 2 there are full size video projections in which visitors can in engage in them. Once they are activated, a monologue about life in Philadelphia will begin. Some other aspects of the exhibit include an experience where you can walk the streets of Philadelphia through a large scale map, which is located between galleries 1 and 2 .

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Jane Eyre Essay Example for Free

Jane Eyre Essay The novel Jane Eyre was originally published in London, England in 1847 by Smith, Elder Co. The early editions of the novel were given the subtitle An Autobiography and named Currer Bell as the editor, not the author. The subtitle was dropped in subsequent editions of the novel. During the days when the novel was published, it was popularly believed that men and women had different duties and responsibilities. Women were encouraged to be devoted and submissive to their husbands. The ideal woman was passive, charming, self-sacrificing and pure. Jane Eyre and other works of the Charlotte and her sisters were centred around the lives of protagonists who did not conform to these societal ideals. Thus, in order to hide their true identities and genders, the three Bronte sisters published their works under pseudonyms. These were Acton Bell (Anne Bronte), Ellis Bell (Emily Bronte) and Currer Bell (Charlotte Bronte). Despite its immediate popularity, Jane Eyre was condemned by its earliest critics as anti-Christian. These negative reviews can be attributed to the generally rebellious tone of the novel. Through the description of the protagonist’s life, including those related to her social status and matters of the heart, the reader is presented with several social and political issues. The novel questions society’s view of women, the importance of the arts and the basis of a solid marriage. Based on the standards of the society in the days when the novel was first published, Jane Eyre as a character lead an immoral life. Jane fell in love and lusted after a married man, was proposed to by her cousin, and describes a clergymen as hypocritical and greedy. The novel is written in such a manner that the reader empathizes with Jane, and in doing so, leads the reader to question his or her beliefs. The novel is also explicitly anti-Christian in that Jane questions the existence and importance of God. During her days at Lowood, Jane’s close friend, Helen Burns contracts tuberculosis. On her deathbed, Helen calmly reassures Jane that by dying young, she is escaping great sufferings, and will go to God. Jane remains sceptical, and asks, â€Å"Where is God? What is God? † In the same conversation, Jane questions the existence of heaven and the ability of people to enter it. Using contemporary standards, these questions might be considered by some to be normal and even healthy. However, in the context of the society during the time when the novel was first published, such comments would have been considered as blasphemous and grossly immoral. Critics who believed that the novel was in fact an autobiography were correct. Although the life of the character Jane Eyre is not identical to that of the author Charlotte Bronte, there are obvious parallels. For example, while attending Lowood School, one of Jane’s closest friends dies of consumption. Similarly, while attending school at Cowan Bridge, Jane’s sisters died of the same illness. This coincidence drew comparisons between the fictional headmaster of Lowood whom Jane denounces as insincere and deceitful, and Charlotte’s own former headmaster who ran Cowan Bridge. Another parallel can be drawn between the character of John Reed and Charlotte’s brother Branwell, because both men suffered from alcoholism. Perhaps the most obvious similarity between the novel and the author’s life is the fact that both Jane and Charlotte were governesses. In accepting Jane Eyre as the true adventures of its heroine and by branding the novel as anti-Christian, early critics were correct. Due to similarities in the personal life of Charlotte Bronte and the experiences of Jane Eyre, it can be inferred that the novel is an autobiography. Based on the standards of society during the time it was first published, the rebellious tone and the manner in which the novel questioned respected social institutions, the novel can be considered as anti-Christian.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Goal Setting Theory in the Workplace

Goal Setting Theory in the Workplace Goal setting theory has become one of the most popular theories in organizational physiology (Goal Setting Theory 2006). It has been around since the early 1800s for the purpose of achievement (Goal Setting Theory has Become One of the Most Popular Theories in Organizational Physiology n.d.). However, Edwin A. Locke further examined goal setting theory in the mid-1960s for over 30 years and came out with some researches on his on regarding the impact that goals have on individual as well as on the companies that practice it (Goal Setting Theory has Become One of the Most Popular Theories in Organizational Physiology n.d.). Goal setting is basically a set of skills that involves in using goals in a particular ways to achieve variety of results (Goal Setting 1996). As goal setting theory has received a lot of feedback on its effectiveness application, the purpose of this essay is to critically examine the effective application of goal setting theory towards individual as well as toward the companies who practice it. Employee motivation is a crucial task for upper level management team. In order for  Ã‚   employees to value-add their company, they must be first, highly motivated and proactive too. In a number of researches, it is to believe that by implementing goal setting theory in a company can lead to the increase of motivation of an employee. Goal setting can be a very powerful way to motivate people (Lockes Goal Setting Theory 2000) and according to Burton, Weinberg and Yukelson (1998), in order to increase motivation in a company, goal setting can be the technique recommended. This is because it is believed that by implementing goal setting in a company can shape a persons behavior to be more motivated in achieving goals (Locke and Latham 1990). When employees are assigned by their upper level management team in achieving certain goals or targets, they will be motivated to achieve them because this is the time that they can prove themselves to the company that they can be relied upon. Un der the Lockes Goal Setting Theory, Locke believed that there are 5 principles of goal setting and in order to be motivated, goals must be taken into consideration the degree of clarity, challenge, commitment, feedback and task complexity (Lockes Goal Setting Theory 2000). Goal setting theory claimed to be one of the most powerful ways to motivate people because the value of goal setting is so well recognized that the entire management systems have goal setting basics incorporated into them (Santhosh 2008). As a matter of facts, goal setting theory has been generally accepted to be the most valid and useful motivation theory regardless of what type of industry it is currently doing (Santhosh 2008). However, although goal setting theory is believed to be a very powerful tool to motivate employees, it is claimed that by setting up goals, the reason for goal must be given to the employees in order for them to be motivated (London, Edward and John 2004). This is because only when employee knows why and what the reason behind achieving those goals, than the chances of accomplishing that particular goal is high. Latham, Erez and Locke (1988) further explained that goals that are assigned without any prior explanation will lead to lower performances. Although there are many ways like performing essential works only, spending smarter and more uninterrupted time on tasks and using good project management skills to increase productivity, setting up appropriate goals are important in increasing companys productivity (Dawn, 2004). Likewise, un-appropriate goals are detrimental to companys productivity. Thus, in determining appropriate goals for a company is very important and by doing so, company must firstly determine what type of goals employees are called to achieve and then, monitor them from time to time without fail. Besides that, when a company determines her most important goals for their employees, the employees themselves will not be reluctant to develop specific skills in order to attain those goals set by the company (Borchardt 2009). This will result in better performances especially in terms of productivity.   Goal setting theory seems to play a major role in making things work. However, according to Latham and Saari (1979), setting specific and challenging goals by individuals themselves will result in higher quality performances than by just urging the employees to performing their best. This is because when employees set their own goals in achieving a particular task, the quality of that particular task will be much better than a task which is given by their upper level management team themselves. When employees set their own targets towards their jobs, they feel fully responsible in and out in accomplishing them including providing the best quality of works. In short, employees need to be goal setters themselves in order to perform better. Thus in this case, in conjunction with the companys goals, missions and visions, employees should be given a chance to set their own goals and achieve them in their own ways in line with companys guidelines. A research done by Latham and Saari (1979) claims that individual with goals has more impact towards their jobs rather than individuals in the non-assigned condition. By practicing goal setting, individuals could increase the chances for a task that need to be done a success (Goldberg 2009). This is because when the goals are clearly stated and are very specific, individuals or employees will get to focus on what they are supposed to do in order to achieve and will find solutions or ways to make it happen. To make this happen, US Fed News Service, Including US State News (September 19, 2009) reported that firstly, goals must be attainable. A goal can be set as high as the sky but if it could not be attained, it will only demoralize oneself. Secondly, goals must be written down (Goldberg 2009). The purpose of this is to make sure that those who are involved are aware of what they are supposed to achieve. Besides that, by writing down the target goals can help in making those who are involved to remember what to achieve and how to achieve them and monitor them from time to time. Thirdly, goals must be specific and clear (Sawyer 2010). This is crucia l and if they are not, people who are involved could be confused and might get a total different outcome. Lastly, after setting up goals, the persons involved in making it a success must make sure that they are motivated to make it a success (Goldberg 2009). If goals have been set but the persons involved are not willing to accomplish them, then the very purpose of having them in the first place will be futile. A person can set his personal goal at any level he wants but to fulfill or to accomplish those goals set is very hard to determine. S.M.A.R.T. goal setting method is not foreign to people who are used to set goals in their personal life. According to goal setting expert Eade (2008), whether it is for personal or for business use, the most effective goals is to be S.M.A.R.T which represents, specific, measureable, attainable, realistic and tangible with a target date. For example, taking the difference between these two goals i.e. 1) Reduce unnecessary expenses; or 2) Reduce personal desire of online shopping to RM200 by May 1, 2010. Considering both perceptions, the second goal sets a more specific target and with it, a persons mind will now be more focused and monitor the total amount of money spent during online shopping. Goal setting theory can boost up a persons confidence and self-esteem with every goal that they have achieved (Oechsli 1991). Whenever a person is pursuing a particular task, with the direction from goal setting theory can make that particular person become more focused and hence, they will tend to be more committed to do their goals and further, accomplishing it. As mentioned, goals that are specific are easier to accomplish (Eade 2008). This is because with goal setting theory, there will be guidelines of what to achieve from time to time and what are the steps they should acquire in order to move forward. With these back-up guides, people can be more confident in carrying out their tasks in which case will not only benefit the employees themselves but will also benefit the company in terms of productivity. According to Oechsli (1991), with peoples confident and high self-esteem, the job performance will improve and their attitudes will change for better which will lead to increase of productivity. According to Then (2008), setting up goals either for the company or for personal use can enable a person to accomplish their task in a timely and organized manner. This is because through goal setting theory, a person can organize his time to accomplish a particular task and whenever a person sets his personal goal in managing a particular task, he will divide his time and build strategies in making his goals a success. Taking student as an example, if a student sets his target to complete his assignment by the next day at 5pm, in order to meet that time frame, this particular student will put away everything that could stop him to complete his obligation as a student and strive to meet the time set as committed. Sometimes, we humans feel stressed-out because we are not achieving what are important to us and by goal setting theory, it can be one of the best ways to relief or lessen our stress level (Scott 2009). Humans tend or love to have a lot going on in their daily life but due to time constraints, most of their plans are being disrupted. Each person can have up to 10 or even more obligations a day and without goal setting theory, life can be in chaotic situation due to limited time at the end.   However, when a person knows precisely what he wanted to achieve in a day, he will know where he has to focus his efforts (Reduce Stress with Personal Goal Setting 2010). Thus it is important that a person should know what he wanted to achieve and to plan how and when to achieve them. In this case, a person should manage his time properly and organize everything he wanted to do in an orderly manner so that he could manage his task without affecting other plans. Moreover, by practicing goal sett ing theory in our personal life can always make sure that we are on track no matter what may occur which will make our life much more easier to manage (Then 2008).   In conclusion, it is generally agreed that goal setting theory is an effective theoretical framework in where it can best predict and boost up individual or employees work motivation as well as to better manage their time. However, in order to make it work, every individual must have a clear and specific as well as attainable goal. Without this, even how high a goal is set and it is not specific, that particular goal could be futile. Besides that, in order to make it happen, a person must show full commitment towards that particular task that he needs to achieve in certain time frame. In short, individuals that are involved play important role in making things happen. As mentioned, goal setting theory can lessen a persons stress and will lead to more organized ways of completing certain tasks and through goal setting theory can motivate a person as well as it can change a persons behavior. However, consistency is also important in making it a success nonetheless. In my own personal opinion, I personally feel that goal setting theory is a very important tool in making things work. Besides just making life less complicated and more objective, it actually helps in shaping our life in a more purposeful way.

Monday, August 19, 2019

Essay on Dr. Eckleburg of The Great Gatsby -- Great Gatsby Essays

Dr. Eckleburg   of The Great Gatsby      Ã‚   Throughout the course of events in The Great Gatsby, the watchful eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg stare into the depths of each character, while the Doctor serves as a god of conscience from his middle ground between two worlds. As the creations of F. Scott Fitzgerald, the characters whose stories unwind before us live twisted webs of lives in which there is a distorted view of a greater force outside their worlds. Dr. Eckleburg merely watches over the "grey land and the spasms of bleak dust which drift endlessly over it" at the spot where "when the drawbridge is up to let barges through, the passengers on waiting trains can stare at the dismal scene for as long as half an hour" (27-8). This is where Dr. Eckleburg reigns; this is the site of a final...

Appearance vs Reality Essay -- essays papers

Appearance vs Reality One normally disguises in order to be someone else, whether this be in a costume during Halloween, or as a character in a play or movie. Shakespeare uses the idea of disguise in his ‘Taming of the Shrew’ The minor theme of the play is appearance vs reality. Throughout the drama, things are never really as they seem. Katherine appears to be a real shrew, but it is all a cover-up for the hurt she feels. Bianca appears to be a self-sacrificing angel, but she is really a spoiled young lady who can quickly revert to shrewish behavior. Baptista appears to the outside world as a wonderful father; in truth, he pampers Bianca, totally spoiling her, and treats Katherine badly, depriving her of the loving attention she needs and seeks. Pe...

Sunday, August 18, 2019

The Signal-Man By Charles Dickens :: Charles Dickens Signal man Essays

The Signal-Man By Charles Dickens Dickens gives a description of the railway cutting with intricate detail and encompasses it with a cloud of gloomy and a depressive mood. He associates places and objects with certain impressions which produce this large image of negative and horrifying vibes and feelings. When the narrating character has the first acquaintance of the railway cutting and signalman's box, Dickens bombards you with adjectives and depictions of a morbid and 'depressing' atmosphere. He called it a 'dungeon' which implies a sense of torture and a ghastly horrid nature. The very description of the signalman's box creates a feeling of suffocation and being trapped. 'On either side, a dripping wet wall of jagged stone, excluding all but a strip of sky; the perspective one way was only a crooked prolongation of this great dungeon;' The emphasis on the gloominess and 'forbidding' 'deadly' environment conveys the relevance to the storyline of pre-cursor of death and constant haunting and reminder of danger. Dickens also seems to always entertain the possibility of a supernatural presence. For example, the narrator had felt the dread of a following train, and when the wind 'struck a chill' to him. This allows for an interpretation of the apparent interference of a ghost in the plot like an outer world inspiration. The story throughout contains the ingredients and factors that make up a horror story, for example the chill, cold, 'gloomy', dark and 'deadly' moods, and the returning haunting ghostly figure with its repeating gesture. This is great support for the plot and it sets style and mood and adds fear and tension. The vivid interpretation of the 'dungeon' conveys the great torment the signalman was feeling inside, and shows the possible physical factors which could have psychologically affected him. The frequent indication of the solitude of the signalman, in the depressive and 'unnatural' atmosphere is

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Learning children to play percussion instruments Essay

The role of a teaching assistant is to maximise learning, create a safe and positive learning environment and to minimise behaviour problems. I would contribute to the lesson by trying to achieve this goal in the following way: I would ensure all the instruments are ready for the lesson, having checked they are in good repair and unlikely to cause injury. I would supervise the children using the instruments, i.e. check they hold them correctly, use them appropriately be a good role model demonstrating how instruments should be held and used. I would support children who are experiencing difficulties I would monitor children’s ability to use instruments, follow instructions, achieve outcome of lesson Safety would be about the state of the instruments, children’s use of them and ensuring mouth pieces are hygienically treated and maintained Making sure that music sheets are available if needed. I would also monitor their behaviours by supervising and to try and minimize disruptive behaviour, which will help the children keep interest in the lesson. I would also ensure that I carry out observations on the children to make sure they have the ability to use the instruments and to achieve the outcome of the lesson. As a teaching assistant I should also be prepared to offer feedback at the end of the session to either the children or the teacher.

Friday, August 16, 2019

Case 6-1 Browning Manufacturing

Michellee Marie B. Chavez 2004-39460 BM 220 – Management Accounting 1) BROWNING MANUFACTURING COMPANY T-Accounts Cash Accounts Receivable Notes Payable 2,604,000. 00 144,000. 00 2,562,000. 00 49,200. 00 288,840. 00 118,440. 00 78,000. 00 311,760. 00 19,200. 00 264,000. 00 264,000. 00 492,000. 00 2,604,000. 00 552,840. 00 198,000. 00 2,873,760. 00 2,672,400. 00 49,200. 00 201,360. 00 Interest Expense 135,600. 00 38,400. 00 522,000. 00 Finished Goods 38,400. 00 38,400. 00 257,040. 00 1,806,624. 00 788,400. 00 1,901,952. 00 Indirect Manufacturing Labor 9,000. 00 2,158,992. 00 1,806,624. 0 198,000. 00 36,000. 00 352,368. 00 198,000. 00 52,200. 00 2,986,440. 00 2,542,800. 00 Manufacturing plant and equipment Direct Manufacturing Labor 443,640. 00 2,678,400. 00 492,000. 00 144,000. 00 492,000. 00 Prepaid taxes and insurances 2,822,400. 00 66,720. 00 52,800. 00 Materials 78,000. 00 Accounts Payable 110,520. 00 811,000. 00 144,720. 00 52,800. 00 788,400. 00 825,000. 00 825,000. 00 91, 920. 00 66,000. 00 935,520. 00 811,000. 00 185,760. 00 124,520. 00 788,400. 00 1,076,760. 00 Income Taxes Payable 288,360. 00 Work in Process 9,000. 00 9,000. 00 172,200. 00 1,901,952. 00 5,800. 0 Selling and Administrative Expense 811,000. 00 9,000. 00 14,800. 00 522,000. 00 1,129,200. 00 5,800. 00 522,000. 00 2,112,400. 00 1,901,952. 00 210,448. 00 Supplies Depreciation :: 17,280. 00 61,200. 00 140,400. 00 492,000. 00 66,000. 00 907,200. 00 198,000. 00 83,280. 00 61,200. 00 1,047,600. 00 49,200. 00 22,080. 00 135,600. 00 52,800. 00 Capital Stock Income Tax Expense 61,200. 00 1,512,000. 00 58,000. 00 140,400. 00 1,512,000. 00 58,000. 00 1,129,200. 00 Sales Cost of Goods Sold Power, Heat and Light 2,562,000. 00 1,806,624. 00 135,600. 00 2,562,000. 00 1,806,624. 00 135,600. 00 Sales Returns and Allowances Sales Discounts Social Security Taxes 19,200. 00 49,200. 00 49,200. 00 19,200. 00 49,200. 00 49,200. 00 Retained Earnings 829,560. 00 36,000. 00 68,576. 00 36,000. 00 898,136. 00 862,136. 00 Statement of Retained Earnings Retained earnings, 12/31/09 $829,560. 00 Add net income 68,576. 00 898,136. 00 Less dividends 36,000. 00 Retained earnings, 12/31/10 $862,136. 00 BROWNING MANUFACTURING COMPANY Projected 2010 Statement of Cost of Goods Sold Finished Goods Inventory, 1/1/10 $257,040. 00 Work in process inventory, 1/1/10 $172,200. 00 Materials used 811,000. 00 Plus: Factory expenses Direct manufacturing labor 492,000. 00 Factory Overhead: Indirect manufacturing labor $198,000. 00 Power, heat and light 135,600. 00 Depreciation of plant 140,400. 00 Social security taxes 49,200. 00 Taxes and insurance, factory 52,800. 00 Supplies 61,200. 00 637,200. 00 2,112,400. 00 Less: Work in process inventory, 12/31/10 210,448. 00 Cost of goods manufactured 1,901,952. 00 2,158,992. 00 Less: Finished goods inventory, 12/31/10 352,368. 00 Cost of goods sold $1,806,624. 00 2) BROWNING MANUFACTURING COMPANY Projected 2010 Income Statement Sales 2,562,000. 00 Less: Sales returns and allowances 19,200. 00 Sales discounts allowed 49,200. 00 68,400. 00 Net Sales 2,493,600. 00 Less: Cost of Goods Sold 1,806,624. 00 Gross margin 686,976. 00 Less: Selling and administrative expense 522,000. 00 Operating Income 164,976. 00 Less: Interest Expense 38,400. 00 Income before federal and state income tax 126,576. 00 Less: Estimated income tax expense 58,000. 00 Net Income 68,576. 00 BROWNING MANUFACTURING COMPANY Projected 2010 Balance Sheet Assets Current Assets: Cash and marketable securities $443,640. 00 Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts) 201,360. 00 Inventories: Materials $124,520. 00 Work in process 210,448. 00 Finished goods 352,368. 00 Supplies 22,080. 00 709,416. 00 Prepaid taxes and insurance 91,920. 00 Total current assets 1,446,336. 00 Other Assets: Manufacturing plant at cost 2,822,400. 00 Less: Accumulated depreciation 1,047,600. 00 1,774,800. 00 Total Assets $3,221,136. 00 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts Payable $288,360. 00 Notes Payable 552,840. 00 Income Taxes payable 5,800. 00 Total current liabilities $847,000. 00 Shareholders' equity: Capital stock 1,512,000. 00 Retained earnings 862,136. 00 Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity $3,221,136. 00 Comparative Statement of Cost of Goods Sold, Projected 2010 vs. 2009 20092010% change Finished Goods Inventory, 1/1/10 218,820. 00 257,040. 00 17. 47% Work in process inventory, 1/1/10 137,760. 00 172,200. 00 25. 00% Materials used 663,120. 00 811,000. 00 22. 30% Direct manufacturing labor 419,040. 00 492,000. 00 17. 41% Indirect manufacturing labor 170,640. 00 198,000. 00 16. 03% Power, heat and light 116,760. 00 135,600. 00 16. 14% Depreciation of plant 126,600. 00 140,400. 00 10. 90% Social security taxes 42,120. 00 49,200. 00 16. 81% Taxes and insurance, factory 46,320. 00 52,800. 00 13. 99% Supplies 56,880. 00 61,200. 00 7. 9% Work in process inventory, 12/31/10 172,200. 00 210,448. 00 22. 21% Finished goods inventory, 12/31/10 257,040. 00 352,368. 00 37. 09% Comparative Income Statement, Projected 2010 vs. 2009 2009 2010 % change Sales 2,295,600. 00 2,562,000. 00 11. 60% Sales returns and allowances 17,640. 00 19,200. 00 8. 84% Sales discounts allowed 43,920. 00 49,200. 00 12. 02% Cost of Goods Sold 1,568,280. 00 1,806,624. 00 15. 20% Selling and administrative expense 437,160. 00 522,000. 00 19. 41% Interest Expense 34,080. 00 38,400. 00 12. 68% Estimated income tax expense 89,520. 00 58,000. 00 -35. 21% Net Income 105,000. 00 68,576. 0 -34. 69% Comparative Balance Sheet, Projected 2010 vs. 2009 2009 2010 % change Cash and marketable securities 118,440. 00 443,640. 00 274. 57% Accounts receivable 311,760. 00 201,360. 00 -35. 41% Materials 110,520. 00 124,520. 00 12. 67% Work in process 172,200. 00 210,448. 00 22. 21% Finished goods 257,040. 00 352,368. 00 37. 09% Supplies 17,280. 00 22,080. 00 27. 78% Prepaid taxes and insurance 66,720. 00 91,920. 00 37. 77% Manufacturing plant at cost 2,678,400. 00 2,822,400. 00 5. 38% Accumulated depreciation 907,200. 00 1,047,600. 00 15. 48% Accounts Payable 185,760. 00 288,360. 00 55. 23% Notes Payable 288,840. 0 552,840. 00 91. 40% Income Taxes payable 9,000. 00 5,800. 00 -35. 56% Capital stock 1,512,000. 00 1,512,0 00. 00 0. 00% Retained earnings 829,560. 00 862,136. 00 3. 93% The comparison shows that in 2010, it is projected that there will be a significant increase by 274. 57% in the company’s cash and marketable securities. It can also be noted that accounts receivables for 2010 is expected to go down by 35. 41%, meaning the company will have more and faster collections of receivables, thus, increase in cash can be expected. On the other hand, notes payable and accounts payable is projected to increase by 91. 40% and 55. 3% respectively, which indicates that the company will not be able to pay its financial obligations in due time. Their credit standing as a company will worsen, because the company’s expenses will be higher in 2010. They may have faster collections of receivables, however, payables and expenses increases, resulting to the inability of the company to become liquid. Aside from this, inventory turnover is expected to be low, meaning; the company will not be able to utilize its resources efficiently. It can also be attributed to the slight increase in sales which shows that the company is having a hard time disposing / using its resources. Due to these projections, net income is also expected to decrease in 2010. 3) The company will fail to achieve its notes payable repayment goal of a year-end cash balance of $150,000. 00 after paying off at least $350,000. 00 of the notes payable, because after repaying $350,000, year-end cash balance will decrease to $93,640, which is short of its $150,000 year-end cash balance. In order to achieve its minimum objective, the company should be able to increase its sales, and lessen the expenses as well as the payables. ) Management’s inventory turnover goal will not be achieved in 2010. Inventory turnover can be computed as: Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory 20091,568,280. 00/ [(218,820. 00+257,040. 00)/2] = 6. 59 20101,806,624. 00/ [(257,040. 00+352,368. 00)/2] = 5. 93 As shown in the above computation, inventory turnover in 2010 is lower than that of 2009. In the budget, inventory turnover goal is not indicated to be achieved. The company should analyze its market and d emand of the people in order to evaluate how many of the goods should be prepared and ordered by them. They should be aware of the average number of products that they should have and it will be determined based on the demand. They should also strategize by having effective marketing and selling techniques. 5) The budget shows that the company will have a poor credit trade standing due to its higher payables. This shows that the company is not able to pay its obligations in time, primarily because of its inability to monitor and control their expenses. Eventually, the company will have a hard time borrowing if there will have continuous past dues, thus, operations might soon be affected and eventually will not be sustained.

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Henry V Assignment Essay

Henry V is an impressive piece of literature, which can be read in its entirety to oneself. However, if the full dramatic effectiveness is to be appreciated, it must be seen in its true context as a performance on stage. At the time Henry V was written, theatre played an important part in people’s lives. It was a way of life, and people of all social levels went to see plays by their favourite playwright. Theatres in Elizabethan times took on a conventional style. They are described the Chorus in Henry V as a ‘wooden O’ as they were indeed wooden and ring shaped. At a performance in an Elizabethan theatre the place where you stood depended on your social level. Lower-class people or ‘groundlings’ as they would be called, stood on the ground, surrounding the stage. Here you would not only find people standing to watch the performance, but you would also find family pets and entertainers like Jugglers and Fire Eaters and the richer patrons of the theatre sat in the outer ring. In Henry V there are many scenes, which cannot be acted out on stage effectively. These are mainly the battle scenes, which would involve large armies of men in real life. Shakespeare managed to overcome this problem and keep his audience entertained. The chorus is the first person in the play to speak. He asks the audience â€Å"On your imaginary forces work.† He makes excuses that the stage they are acting on cannot be the same as the battlefields that these events actually took place on â€Å"Can this cock-pit hold the vasty fields of France?† The effectiveness of the play depended on the audience using their imagination to â€Å"into a thousand parts divide one man.† Henry is â€Å"The Mirror of all Christian Kings,† how does Shakespeare build up his character to suggest this and why? Throughout the play, Henry V, Shakespeare gradually builds up a character who is almost perfect in every way. Not only a Christian but a good king. One that future kings should try to mirror themselves on. In this essay, I am going to talk about, first of all how other people in the play help to build up this character and then how Henry’s own actions and words help us to create this image of a perfect king. I will then summarise on the character created and then I will make a conclusion as to whether Henry was actually a good king and whether being a good king makes him a good person. Two of the first people we meet in the play are the Bishops, Canterbury and Ely. They give us the first pieces of information that we need, and that Shakespeare uses, to build up Henry’s character. In Shakespeare’s time, the audience will no doubt have seen Henry IV where Henry is portrayed as drunken and rowdy. Therefore Shakespeare immediately lets the audience of Henry V know that he has changed and is no longer like this. â€Å"The king is full of grace and fair regard.† Canterbury, Act 1, Scene 1, Line 24. â€Å"And a true lover of the holy church.† Ely, Act 1, Scene 1, Line 26. The second of these lines show us that the king is now a Christian who visits church and likes it. Canterbury and Ely plan to use Henry’s Christian conviction to make him drop the tax on the church. So this is our first piece of evidence that Henry is a Christian king. There is a comic subplot that runs throughout the play to detract from the seriousness of the story. If this was not placed in the play, the whole story would seem slightly boring, but there is another reason why this is here. They all give us good pictures of the king and how he has changed. The characters involved in this subplot are, Pistol, Nim, Bardolph and Hostess. Their respect for the king is great, although they feel that their friend John Folstaff died from a broken heart because he lost the friendship of Henry as he became king. â€Å"The King has killed his heart.† Hostess, Act 2, Scene 1, Line 84. It is this loyalty and respect for the king that lets us know that he must be a good king and a good person. He has been a loyal friend but has slipped away as his royal duties have taken over. This does not mean that he is not a good person anymore, or a good king. Although you wouldn’t have thought so, Henry’s enemies, the French, also tell us a lot about him. They know that his power is great and that he is respected in his country. Because they are aware of this power, they feel cautious to feel too confident of victory at Agincourt. They talk amongst one another saying that they think the king is senseless. â€Å"What a wretched and peevish fellow is this King of England.† Orlà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ans, Act 3, Scene 7, Lines 127-128 We can take this into consideration but it didn’t affect my judgement as they are the enemy and so are bound to say things like that. So therefore we did not learn whether Henry is a good Christian king from the French but we did learn that he is powerful and not so weak as to be rejected as an easy victory. There is another instance where the two countries meet. The Dauphin meets with him earlier in the play and then reports back to King Charles. He tells the king HENRY IS â€Å"THE MIRROR OF ALL CHRISTIAN KINGS,† HOW DOES SHAKESPEARE BUILD UP HIS CHARACTER TO SUGGEST THIS AND WHY? that England is ruled by a â€Å"vain, giddy, shallow, humorous youth.† and that because of this, they have no fear of going to war. King Charles then tells his princes and knights to beware of Henry, because he doesn’t want France to live its past history again. â€Å"And he is bred out of that bloody strain that haunted us in our familiar paths. Witness our too-much memorable shame when Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cy battle fatally struck,† King Charles, Act 2, Scene 4, Lines 51-54. The person who I felt told us the most about Henry’s character was Henry himself. One of the first serious actions we see him take is against the three traitors, Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry, Lord Scrope of Masham and Thomas Grey, Knight of Northumberland. Their plan was to kill Henry at Southampton before he departed for France. Henry caught wind of this but didn’t straight away order them to be executed for high treason. We see Henry tell the three traitors that a man had been arrested for shouting abuse at him whilst drunk, he then asks them what they think the punishment should be. â€Å"That’s mercy but too much security.† Scrope, Act 2, Scene 2, Line 44. Scrope tells Henry that he should be punished and used as an example. Henry replies, â€Å"O let us yet be merciful.† Act 2, Scene 2, Line 47. Cambridge thinks that Henry should spare his life but punish him never the less. â€Å"So may your highness, and yet punish too.† Cambridge, Act 2, Scene2, Line 48. Thomas Grey thinks that he should be executed. â€Å"Sir, you show great mercy if you give him life, after the taste of much correction.† Grey, Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 49-50. After all this, we still do not see Henry approach the traitors with what they are planning to do. Instead he hands them each a piece of paper, which reveals what he has learned. He then says, almost sarcastically, â€Å"Why, how now, gentlemen? What see you in those papers, that you lose so much complexion? – Look ye how they change: Their cheeks are paper. – Why, what read you there that have so cowarded and chased your blood out of appearance? King Henry, Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 68-73. This told me that Henry wanted to basically make the traitors convict themselves. Henry then makes a speech about how he cannot give mercy to three people who were so quick to decide upon execution for a man who had only spoken out of tone whilst drunk. This made me think that Henry is firm but fair. He did not convict them straight away and send them to be executed. Instead he let them convict themselves and decide their own punishment, which was death. Henry says that he does not seek revenge for himself but for his country. This tells me that he is a good king who thinks for his country and not just for himself. Many more of Henry actions during the play tell us that he is cool under pressure, thinks for his country. When the Dauphin brings the casket of tennis balls to England, Henry does not lash out and explode into a frenzy of anger, the same as when the baggage boys are killed at Agincourt. He combines his aggression with careful thinking and uses his anger in other places where it is needed. HENRY IS â€Å"THE MIRROR OF ALL CHRISTIAN KINGS,† HOW DOES SHAKESPEARE BUILD UP HIS CHARACTER TO SUGGEST THIS AND WHY? Henry’s words also tell us a lot about him. At the end of the play when he woos his bride to be Catherine, he is very romantic and tries to take her mind off the fact that he is a king and make her realise that he is just an ordinary person. This fact is very important to build up this character of Henry, we have to realise that he is just a normal person and I think that Henry’s words throughout the play often suggest this. At the beginning of the battle of Agincourt, Henry makes a speech, which is now probably one of Shakespeare’s most famous speeches, the St Crispins Day speech. It is used to motivate team spirit in all kinds of sports. Henry uses it to motivate his soldiers, ready for the battle of Agincourt. â€Å"We few, we happy few, we band of brothers.† King Henry, Act 4, Scene 3 Line 60. This line shows us that he has brought himself down from his royal post and is now a brother of all the soldiers who will be fighting with him. Not as their leader, but as a friend, a brother. His speech is enough to make any reader feel patriotic, as it did me and shows that he is a good king, who does not always think of himself as a king. So Shakespeare creates an almost perfect character in this play. Henry is, calm under pressure and doesn’t always regard himself as above all the rest. He can be aggressive when needed but always thinks before he is. He is also certain that he is just a human being, not a God like person who is greater than everyone else, and this shows when he is going in to battle with his soldiers. It is then when his true character comes out, a patriotic person with spirit for his friends. Although Shakespeare has made an almost perfect character, he couldn’t have made Henry so perfect that he wasn’t realistic. Therefore Shakespeare makes Henry have a few weaknesses, one of these weaknesses is when Bardolph, an old friend of Henry steals a pax from a church. Henry has to stand up to his power as a King and hangs Bardolph for his crime. Henry is the â€Å"The Mirror of all Christian kings†; I would find this a true statement. He is a King who should be looked up to and respected for his good qualities. He should also be respected even for his bad qualities, because everyone has a flaw but it doesn’t mean that they are a bad person. Whilst he is a good Christian King, he is also a good Christian person. He is kind, forgiving and calm under pressure and when needed.

Wednesday, August 14, 2019

Product Mix Essay

What Is a Product Mix? Product mix, also known as product assortment, refers to the total number of product lines that a company offers to its customers. For example, a small company may sell multiple lines of products. Sometimes, these product lines are fairly similar, such as dish washing liquid and bar soap, which are used for cleaning and use similar technologies. Other times, the product lines are vastly different, such as diapers and razors. The four dimensions to a company’s product mix include width, length, depth and consistency. The Service Quality Dimensions Every company owner wants to get loyal customers which add to repeating purchases and of cause increasing their maximum revenue. But to get there they need to know about the 5 Service Quality Dimensions. Many actually think that service is just a little part of the marketing mix, but it is actually a very important part of both the 4 and 7 P’s Each of the 5 Service Quality Dimensions makes an extra addition to the level and quality of service which the company offers their customers. It also makes the service far more unique and satisfying. Dimension 1 – tangibles; The tangible Service Quality Dimension refers to the appearance of the physical surroundings and facilities, equipment, personnel and the way of communication. In other words, the tangible dimension is about creating first hand impressions. A company should want all their customers to get a unique positive and never forgetting first hand impression, this would make them more likely to return in the future. Dimension 2 – reliability; The reliability Service Quality Dimension refers to how the company are performing and completing their promised service, quality and accuracy within the given set requirements between the company and the customer. Reliability is just as important as a goof first hand impression, because every customer want to know if their supplier is reliable and fulfill the set requirements with satisfaction. Dimension 3 – responsiveness; The responsiveness Service Quality Dimension refers to the willingness of the company to help its customers in providing them with a good, quality and fast service. This is also a very important dimension, because every customer feels more valued if they get the best possible quality in the service. Dimension 4 – assurance; The assurance Service Quality Dimension refers to the company’s employees. Are the employees skilled workers which are able to gain the trust and confidence of the customers? If the customers are not comfortable with the employees, there are a rather large chance that the customers will not return to do further business with the company. Dimension 5 – empathy; The empathy Service Quality Dimension refers to how the company cares and gives individualized attention to their customers, to make the customers feeling extra valued and special. The fifth dimension are actually combining the second, third and fourth dimension to a higher level, even though the really cannot be compared as individuals. If the customers feel they get individualized and quality attention there is a very big chance that they will return to the company and do business there again. Appendix Reliability (1) Providing services as promised. (2) Dependability in handling customers’ service performed. (3) Performing the services right the first time. (4) Providing services at the promised time. (5) Maintaining error-free records. Responsiveness (1) Keeping customers informed about when services will be performed. Service quality dimensions Gi-Du Kang and Jeffrey James Managing Service Quality Volume 14  · Number 4  · 2004  · 266–277 276 (2) Prompt service to customers. (3) Willing to help customers. (4) Readiness to respond to customers’ requests. Assurance (1) Employees who instill confidence in customers. (2) Making customers feel safe in their transaction. (3) Employees who are consistently courteous. (4) Knowledgeable employee to answer customer questions. Empathy (1) Giving customers individual attention. (2) Employees who deal with customers in a caring fashion. (3) Having the customer’s best interest at heart. (4) Employees who understand the needs of their customers. (5) Convenient business hour. Tangibles (1) Modern equipment. (2) Visually appealing facilities. (3) Employees who have a neat, professional appearance. (4) Visually appealing materials associated with the service. Technical quality (1) It is successful to complete a call. (2) There is no noise during the call. (3) The call can be completed without the interruption. Image (1) It is a reliable company. (2) It provides an excellent service to customers. (3) It is a successful company. (4) It makes a lot of contribution to the society. (5) It has an superior technology in cell phone service. (6) It is sincere to the customers. (7) It has a good reputation. (8) It is a large-scale company. (9) It is familiar to the customers. (10) It is honest. Customer satisfaction (1) The services have not worked out as well as I thought it would. (2) I am satisfied with my decision to use this service. (3) Sometimes I have mixed feelings about keeping it. (4) My choice to use this service was a wise one. (5) If I could do it over again, I’d choose a different company. (6) I feel bad about my decision to use this service. (7) I am not happy that I used this service. (8) Using this service has been a good experience. Note: are presents an item removed after the CFA. Service quality dimensions Gi-Du Kang and Jeffrey James Managing Service Quality Volume 14  · Number 4  · 2004  · 266–277 Promotional mix; There are five main aspects of a promotional mix These are: Advertising – Presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. Examples: Print ads, radio, television, billboard, direct mail, brochures and catalogs, signs, in-store displays, posters, motion pictures, Web pages, banner ads, and emails. Personal selling – A process of helping and persuading one or more prospects to purchase a good or service or to act on any idea through the use of an oral presentation. Examples: Sales presentations, sales meetings, sales training and incentive programs for intermediary salespeople, samples, and telemarketing. Can be face-to-face selling or via telephone. Sales promotion – Media and non-media marketing communication are employed for a pre-determined, limited time to increase consumer demand, stimulate market demand or improve product availability. Examples: Coupons, sweepstakes, contests, product samples, rebates, tie-ins, self-liquidating premiums, trade shows, trade-ins, and exhibitions. Public relations – Paid intimate stimulation of supply for a  product, service, or business unit by planting significant news about it or a favorable presentation of it in the media. Examples: Newspaper and magazine articles/reports, TVs and radio presentations, charitable contributions, speeches, issue advertising, and seminars. Direct Marketing is a channel-agnostic form of advertising that allows businesses and nonprofits to communicate straight to the customer, with advertising techniques such as mobile messaging, email, interactive consumer websites, online display ads, fliers, catalog distribution, promotional letters, and outdoor advertising. Corporate image corporate image may also be considered as the sixth aspect of promotion mix. The image of an organization is a crucial point in marketing. If the reputation of a company is bad, consumers are less willing to buy a product from this company as they would have been, if the company had a good image. Sponsorship is sometimes added as an seventh aspect

Choosing Technology to Meet a Need Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Choosing Technology to Meet a Need - Assignment Example Its adaptations and applications may open doors to the previously inaccessible learning opportunities for numerous children with special needs. In addition, assistive technology supports both remedial and compensatory needs of the student. Tablets, computers, and handheld devices may be very helpful for students with disabilities since they reduce the stress stimuli and cut out distractions improving the student’s academic performance. The technology device will enhance or replace speech for those people with various disabilities in the understanding as well as production of written or spoken language. Chat Box by Unitech is a portable communication device which can be utilized to speak to messages either by means of an optional switch for scanning or pressing buttons on the keyboard. The device can store more than 10 minutes of recorded messages that are stored in four separate overlays. It is portable since it weighs 1.5 lbs. Design: Has the largest display compared to any other chat integrated communication device. 10.1 inch capacitative screen, NOVA chat editor, single along with switch scanning, updated userinterface, and Ivona synthesized speech Of all the Chat communicative devices NOVA chat 10 has the largest screen display (Jackson, 2009). It also offers well known Chat software on an Android platform including MultiChat 15, MultiChat 24, and ChatPower 24. Due to its lightweight the device is very portable for ambulatory users and can also be mounted on wheelchair users. The device has a 10.1† display, and the 4GB RAM allows proper functioning of the Ivona speech synthesizer, switch scanning, and numerous other features that can assist the students in improving their spoken and written language. The device runs on a lightening fast Intel ® Coreâ„ ¢ i7  processor offering a consistent motor pattern for words as

Tuesday, August 13, 2019

Plan Development for a Major Health Care Facility Essay

Plan Development for a Major Health Care Facility - Essay Example The main aim of business plan is to oversee the implementation of a project based on good decision making, proper planning procedures and methods that eventually will lead to full completion of a project to all parties’ satisfaction. This paper is aimed at establishing a business plan for a major health care facility to its full functionality. The actual project here is a business plan of a major health care facility. For a successful completion of the project, there are many considerations, obstacles as well as opportunities that all have to be looked at before and during the project implementation. Unlike other projects, health care facility requires special attention due to the nature of its work hence it needs more expertise in its project planning. The plan should put in consideration many factors among them; that healthcare facilities depends on continues operations with no tolerance to disruptions, in terms of its construction it will require unique waste streams since chemicals might be involved within its wastes, there is need for provision of intense energy and water use within its surroundings due to the nature of the activities within the healthcare, there should be provision for infection control which should be unique on its own and lastly but not least, indoor air circulation is of importance and hence should be considered in the business plan for healthcare project. These special specifications differentiate a healthcare plan to that of a normal business plan. Any project that is to be consisted within a healthcare facility should fully be planed for and evaluated before its implementation. Existing research has shown that in a period of about last five years, there indeed has been an increase in healthcare projects development to almost 50% as compared to the previous years. This rapid increase has mainly been attributed to the need for new and developing technological innovations in the healthcare sector, aging populations as well as fa cilities, the need for new standards of care and a considerate reimbursement and financing environment. All these have contributed to the witnessed introductions of various projects to the health sector. This intern has brought the need to come up with business plans so as to attain the healthcare objectives with less challenges. The market analysis has shown that indeed there is more need for effective service integration and healthcare management especially for new enrollees within the healthcare sector. This is attributed to the fact that majority of new enrollees are soon to be non-disabled adults and this is a critical fact to the health sector since it’s worth noting that the disabled and dually eligible populations are much more costly and hence stand to benefit more from effective healthcare system. Market analysis has shown that there has been a high rise in the resent years of various special cases in the health sector that indeed have called for business plans to h elp in projects integrations in the health sector. Such like programs include; perinatal conditions that have played a big role in maternal and child health care, Chronic conditions, smoking complications and obesity among others. These complex health matters have brought about the need for establishment of more healthcare facilities and this has called for the need for project planning since healthcare

Monday, August 12, 2019

Source report - Surrogacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Source report - Surrogacy - Essay Example Haughey’s studies develop theoretically and descriptive analysis of gender selection through surrogacy. According to the author, medical methods used in surrogacy have made it able for prospective parents to propose the preferred sex of their children. In addition, people have developed appealing hypothesis to explain an aspect of sex selection. One of the theoretical hypotheses is concerned with creating a â€Å"balance† in families. Haughey (2005: 85) provides a descriptive study on how surrogacy technology provides couples with a chance to choose sperms that fertilise eggs; hence determining the sex of the offspring. The discussion above lays a scientific foundation regarding the determination of offspring’s sexual features through the selection of sperms to be used for fertilization. Gender balancing eradicates the domination of one gender of children in the family unit by deciding which sexes should be included. In addition, some families may use sex selection to replace or rebuild the family after the death of a child. It is also evident that sex selection occurs when the foetus is selected based on gender, social or medical reasons before it is implanted into the womb. In addition, it is important to note that sex selection also occurs when the foetus is aborted based on gender. Stacey develops theoretically and descriptive hypothesis to that link gender selection in surrogacy and medical reasons. According to the author, couples prefer to point out the desired gender of their children to avoid gender specific genetic and chromosomal disorders. Surrogacy also offers a ground where embryos are screened for genetic diseases and those that are found safe implanted into the mothers’ womb. The descriptive argument presented is that sex selection prevents people from having children with sex-linked diseases such as Duchene’s muscular dystrophy, sickle cell anemia or

Sunday, August 11, 2019

Long Serving Members, Party Leadership and Committees in U.S Congress Essay

Long Serving Members, Party Leadership and Committees in U.S Congress - Essay Example An institution should never work for a particular segment of people alone. It should work for the wellbeing of all the people. This paper analyses American Congress as an institution with its long-serving members, party leadership and committees. First, and foremost, Congress is sometimes called the "People's Branch," because it is so close to the electoral process and, hence, the voters. Whereas the entire Executive Branch has two elected officials, president and vice president (and they run together as a team), the population of Congress results from 535 separate elections. Members can rarely rest from fund raising or campaigning. Every two years, about 470 of those seats are up for reelection--all of the House and 1/3 of the Senate (Weingarten). Before analysing Congress as an institution, it is necessary to know what an institution is. Institution is often become a controversial word. It has no standardized definition. Different people define the term institution in different way s. According to James Pedlar (2011), â€Å"An institution is a changeable, but permanent, product of purposive social role behaviour which subjects the individual to obligations, gives him formal authority and possesses legal sanctions† (Pedlar). If this definition is true, one can safely say that American Congress is definitely an institution at least in principle. It should be noted that none of the Congress members are permanent and each of them are elected for a specific period only. At the same time, one should not be forgotten that American congress is a permanent entity even though its members are changing periodically. All the congressmen have some kind of obligations towards the country and also towards the people the constituencies they represent. Moreover, each congressman has some kind of power given to them by the American constitution. In short, American Congress satisfies all the requirements of an institution. At the same time, it should be noted that some of the members of American congress have already crossed 50 years service as Congressman. For example, Robert Byrd, who died at the age of 92 recently, had served American Congress for around 52 years. Same way more than 25 members of the current Congress have crossed more than 35 years of service in Congress. These statistics clearly suggest that even though a prescribed term was there for the Congressmen, many of them were able to continue in Congress for very long periods. This is because of the fact that American constitution allows a person to compete elections to Congress as many times he likes. Even though presidential term is fixed to two terms maximum, such restrictions are not there for the congressmen. That is why many people argue that American Congress is not at all an institution since many of its members remain the same for a longer period. As everybody knows, conservatives and Democrats are two of the major political parties in American Congress. The leadership of these parties in the Congress will be elected by the party conferences. One of the will be the majority party leader whereas the other would be the minority party leader. At present, Democratic Majority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada and Republican Minority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky are working as the floor leaders in