The Catcher in the Rye, by J. D. Salinger - 1187 Words

Depression can come at many different times in your life and in many different ways. Dictionary.com defines clinical depression as: A depression so severe as to be considered abnormal, either because of no obvious environmental causes, or because the reaction to unfortunate life circumstances is more intense or prolonged than would generally be expected (Random House). Throughout the novel, â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye,† the reader is inside the head of the troubled and depressed main character and narrator, Holden Caulfield. We, as the readers are able to see every thought that Holden has throughout the novel. Many of Holden’s thoughts scream depression. Holden is an ideal example of how someone with clinical depression would behave, how he†¦show more content†¦This can be detrimental to a child; Holden has constantly been on his own for the majority of his childhood, without any parental love or embraces. Someone who is suffering from depression would consta ntly look down in the dumps. This person would not care about the possible outcomes of any given situation. These people could, in extreme cases, have thoughts of suicide. Holden Caulfield is the same exact way. In the end of chapter 14, Holden has thoughts of suicide. Holden had just been taken advantage of by a prostitute and her pimp. Holden mentions that he would not mind jumping out of the window at the hotel (Salinger 104). His only dilemma to jumping to his death was that he didn’t want people to see him all gory on the sidewalk. You see several instances in the novel where Holden does not care about the outcomes that he could face in his life. Holden did not care about how constantly flunking out of his schools would affect him. He just wanted some sort of attention, attention that he did not regularly get. Holden was constantly stating that he just felt depressed, whether he was thinking about the nuns he encounters in chapter 15 and how they would never get to go to a â€Å"swanky restaurant for lunch like Sally Hayes’ mom (Salinger 114, He actually feels sad for the nuns in the beginning of chapter 16), or the occasion in chapter 7 after his fight with Stradlater, when he goes into Ackley’s room to stay; Holden turns to theShow MoreRelatedThe Catcher Of The Rye, By J. D. Salinger1699 Words   |  7 Pages The play Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, and the novel The Catcher in the Rye, written by J. D. Salinger follow the lives of two protagonists’ as they are each individually shaped by society’s idea of prosperity. The protagonists of both the novel and the play, Holden and Macbeth, exhibit similar qualities that allow them to attempt to achieve ultimate greatness and find success. Both the novel The Catcher in the Rye and the play Macbeth demonstrate the pressure there is on men to prosperRead MoreCatcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger1159 Words   |  5 Pages Catcher in the Rye is one of the most famous books in American literature. Written by J. D. Salinger, it captures the epitome of adolescence through Salinger’s infamous anti-hero, Holden Caulfield. Holden Caulfield learns about himself and his negative tendencies, and realizes that if he does not do something to change his perspective, he may end up like his acquaintance James Castle whom he met at Elkton Hills. Holden tries to find help to mend his outlook on life through Mr. Antolini so he doesRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger602 Words   |  2 PagesAdolescents have to face challenges because they are still developing, yet at times are treated as fully developed human beings. J. D. Salinger explores the thoughts of an adolescent in his book, The Catcher in the Rye, showing Holden Caulfield’s perspective of the world. Holden Caulfield shows symptoms of mental illness because he is constantly depressed by everything, beyond what a normal adolescent sh ould be feeling. Holden shows signs of depression because he is, shockingly, depressed. He cannotRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger2004 Words   |  9 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye is a popular novel written by J.D. Salinger. Published in 1951, the book was originally written for adults, but it is now remembered and adored by people from all parts of the world and people from all walks of life – especially by teenagers – a likely effect that was only inevitable considering the center stage of the narrator the great crumby flake Holden Caulfield, to use his style of speaking, who accurately portrayed teenage angst and loneliness in a style that many youngstersRead MoreSymbolism In The Catcher In The Rye By J. D. Salinger791 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, there are many items of symbolism. The symbolism in the story keeps Holden sain. Some items of symbolism are Holdens’ brothers baseball mit, the schools Holden gets kicked out of , and the carousels gold rings. The baseball mit and the carousels’ gold rings are positive representation of symbolism, whereas the schools, are negative. The baseball mit, Holden has from his dead brother Allie, keeps Holden tranquil. The baseball mit first appears in theRead MoreArrogance in The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger Essay examples1767 Words   |  8 Pagesreally mean? According to merriam-webster.com (2014), the definition of arrogance is, â€Å"an insulting way of thinking or behaving that comes from believing you are better, smarter,or more important than other people† (Def. 1). In the novels The Catcher in the Rye and Siddhartha, the main characters both possess the trait of arrogance, but both express the trait in different forms. The root causes for both characters arrogance are very unrelated, but both roots lead to the same ending. Two completelyRead MoreThe Catcher In The Rye by J. D. Salinger and Looking For Alaska by John Green1729 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican history. The Catcher In The Rye and Looking For Alaska, two American novels about young adulthood, provide an insight on the commonalities and differences between these two generations and their unique American experiences. The two novels written by J.D. Salinger and John Green, respectively, were written fifty-four years apart, but their similarities are nonpareil. In fact, Green cites The Catcher In The Rye as an inspiration for his novel. The Catcher In The Rye and Looking For AlaskaRead MoreA Short Biography of J.D. Salinger1316 Words   |  6 Pages J. D. Salinger was an American writer who wrote fiction short stories and novels. Some critics dont like his books, yet others do. He had a remarkable life and story. Salinger was an influential 20th century American writer whose works were very scrutinized. Jerome David Salinger was born on January 1, 1919. He was known as J. D. Salinger. He was born in New York, New York. His fathers name was Sol Salinger. His mothers name was Miriam Jillich Salinger. His father was Jewish and his motherRead MoreJD Salinger Research Paper1671 Words   |  7 Pages Jerome David Salinger, also known as J. D. Salinger, is a fascinating author best known for his novel, Catcher in the Rye. Although Salinger only published one novel, he wrote several short stories for magazines like The New Yorker and Story. A large number of these stories went on to be compiled into books such as Nine Stories, Franny and Zooey, and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction. Despite the fact Salinger has not published any stories in over 45 years, his reputationRead MoreCatcher In The Rye Essay example1672 Words   |  7 PagesFrom the Outside, Looking In Despite the debate that may wage on regarding the status to be afforded J. D. Salingers writings, the authors books have not quietly faded into obscurity. Although published almost a half-century ago, the authors most famous work, Catcher in the Rye, enjoys almost as healthy and devoted a following today as the book did when it was first published. Because of a self-imposed exile that began almost at the same time the Salingers career was just taking off, much

Rodolfo Furniture Store Budget Analysis Free Essays

Rodolfo Furniture Store Budget Analysis Edric Hernandez-Cruz Gisela Franqui-Atiles Valerie Santiago-Rodriguez Yachira Rodriguez-Cuevas University of Phoenix PR Campus ACC / 561PR Rafael Marrero Diaz November 9th, 2012 Rodolfo Furniture Store Budget analysis is important for any corporation. From small businesses to large enterprises; all organizations evaluate the numbers in order to get a picture of where the company stands economically. This will serve as a basis in order to make decisions as to the direction the entity would like to go. We will write a custom essay sample on Rodolfo Furniture Store Budget Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Erroneous decisions can lead to bad decisions that may end up in losses for the company. Rodolfo Furniture is on the verge of making a shift from a furniture maker to distributer. Yet only if the ethical accounting practices have been place into the production of the analysis; can Rodolfo Furniture decide on its future. Budgeting: Risks Associated with Sales Forecast The preparation of the usually begins with a sales forecast. The sales forecast and the anticipated inventory levels determine the production to be budgeted. Furthermore, the company’s sales forecast along with its experience, and collection policies determine the cash inflows for the company. In the scenario, Rodolfo uses his company’s flexible budget, as a guide, to determine the costs that should have been for an attained level of activity. For, instance if his company intended to manufacture or produce 50,000 units, the budget must have been prepared for 49,000 units, 51,000 units, 52,000, and so on. Major risks in sales forecasting Production risks In a manufacturing environment, like the illustration Rodolfo’s scenario, sales forecast determine production schedules. The companies use such forecasts to determine the exact amounts of raw materials and production issues; they need to have an idea of what they are to produce. Two problems can occur, sales under forecast or sales over forecast. Under forecast sales refers to the fact when the manufacturer may not produce enough product to meet customers’ demands. This will result in an increase in production times which in turn may increase costs; this will also frustrate customers and may even lead the company to losses. In the other hand, over forecast sales refers to the amounts of raw material to be purchased and excessive amounts of finished products to be sold. This excessiveness of raw materials may tie up the capital available to use and the excess finished product will make the company incur in warehouse storage costs; both excesses if repeated constantly may put the company at risk of bankruptcy. Resource risks When sales are over forecast, underutilized workers may have to be reduced. This action will result in a bad image for the company and will break the trust/bond that was built between the company and the workers as they will feel betrayed. If the sales are under forecast, it will happen the exactly opposite, the company will lack of workers to meet demands. This can result in bad image, losses, service levels will be affected as workers would have to work overtime to cover for the company which can lead to sicknesses and excessive absenteeism. Financial risks This type of errors affects the company’s financial health. The excess of material will lead to excessive costs of unnecessary storage since the excess should have never occurred. Also, over forecast can result in the purchase of unnecessary machinery. Furthermore, if the company forecasts erroneously in a consistent manner, this can lead the company into a raise in the interest by lenders. Sales forecast are prepared using data available, the more reliable and certain the data is the more accurate the budget is expected to be. Ethical considerations in the preparation of budget Before the development of a budget it is wise to consider the ethical involvements that can be present during it process. Incentives to lie and cheat are Rodolfo tempting actions for managers. Horngren (2008) stated, â€Å"It is common for managers of larger units with more resources to have higher pay, higher status, and greater prospects for promotion† (p. 301). This is common ethical flaw from the workers. The organizations have to prepare ways to identify, minimize and discourage this kind of behaviors. Subsequent use of the budget After completing the budget process, the information populated contains useful components that benefit the manager’s strategies behavior. According to Horngren (2008) there are four major benefits of effective budgeting. The mention benefits are: evaluation of activities, formalization of planning, performance evaluation, communication and coordination. By following the Rodolfo Furniture Scenario the four major benefits helps the mention company presented at the outgoing sentences. For the first benefit the main idea is the reevaluation of the actual activities and the evaluation of the opportunities to embrace new ones. The scenario display at the week 2 assignment, the foreign competitors surpass the actual company production because of the high-tech solutions use by them. The first benefits assist with the decision of changes in this matter. With the formalization of planning is an essential phase that every company has to experience. This benefit encourages managers to prepare contingency plans for the performing of immediate actions, pre-planned, at the moment of crisis. For the performance evaluation the most important fact is that the results of the recent analyze performance helps to take a more precise action because of the recent events than comparing with the last year performance. For the Rodolfo Furniture Scenario applies, because of the latest changes in the business, related to their company’s specialty, that is affecting gravely to his sales and requires an instance action. Lastly with communication and coordination this process allows the managers to create a macro communication because involves the input of employees from top to bottom and vice versa. Consider how the organization’s code of ethics requires an ethics analysis for any performance tool. Companies have developed a code of ethics or conduct as a tool to prevent the misuse of power, fraud, conflict f interest, money, and other. Mostly all ethical dilemmas start with dysfunctional incentive, poor supervision, and wrong personal habits. To ensure the reliability of the information and prevent situation of misleading or faulty information from accountants the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was created. This 2002 Act requires regulations in the financial practice and a code of ethics â€Å"for seniors financial officers, applicable to its principal financial officer and comptroller or principal accounting officer, or persons performing similar functions† (Horngren, 2008, Chapter  1). Now managers has to approved and been concern of the budget. Also requires external auditors to examine the company. These regulations in the accounting system search for the reliability of the information provided. But it needs high ethical standards from the personnel. The Institute of Management Accountants develop a code of conduct require to CPAs and CMAs that integrated integrity, confidentiality, credibility and competence. Ethics should be the priority in a company. To encourage others and prevent unethical behavior, unnecessary pressures should be recognize and detained. Sometimes dysfunctional incentive arises when managers or accountings are assessed on the performance concerning to budget amounts. The ethical standards of an organization are necessary to guide, measure, and analyze the performance of the personnel. Most important a code of ethic is essential to maintain the integrity and confidence of the company. References Horngren, C. T. (2008). Introduction to Management Accounting (14th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.. How to cite Rodolfo Furniture Store Budget Analysis, Essay examples

Life Without Limits free essay sample

And I hit a wall. My heart ached. I was depressed, overwhelmed with negative thoughts, and didn’t see any point in my life. I felt alone even when I was surrounded by family and friends. I worried that I would always be a burden to those I loved. But I was so, so wrong. What I didn’t know back in those dark days could ? ll a book: the one you’re holding, actually. In the pages that follow, I will offer you methods for ? nding hope even amid arduous trials and heartbreaking tribulations. I’ll light the path to the other side of grief where you can emerge stronger, more deter-Introduction ix mined, and empowered to pursue the life you want, and perhaps even to ? nd a life beyond any you could have imagined. If you have the desire and passion to do something, and it’s within God’s will, you will achieve it. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Without Limits or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That’s a powerful statement. To be honest, I didn’t always believe it myself. If you’ve seen one of my talks posted on the Internet, the happiness I have that shines through in those videos is the result of the journey I’ve made. I didn’t have everything I needed at ? rst and had to pick up several important attributes along the way.To live without limits, I found I needed: A powerful sense of purpose Hope so strong that it cannot be diminished Faith in God and the in? nite possibilities Love and self-acceptance Attitude with altitude A courageous spirit Willingness to change A trusting heart Hunger for opportunities The ability to assess risks and to laugh at life A mission to serve others ? rst Each chapter in this book is devoted to one of those attributes, explained in such a way that I hope you can put them to use in your own journey toward a ful? lling and meaningful life. I’m offering them to you because I share God’s love for you. I want you to experience all the joy and ful? llment He intended for you. x Introduction If you are one of the many people struggling each day, keep in mind that beyond my own struggles there was a purpose for my life awaiting me. And it has proven to be far, far, far beyond anything I ever could have imagined. You may hit hard times. You may fall down and feel as though you don’t have the strength to get back up. I know the feeling, mate. We all do. Life isn’t always easy, but when we overcome challenges, we become stronger and more grateful for our opportunities.What really matters are the lives you touch along the way and how you ? nish your journey. I love my life just as I love yours. Together, the possibilities for us are just ridiculous. So what do you say? Shall we give it a go, mate? Life Without Limits ONE If You Can’t Get a Miracle, Become One O ne of my most popular videos on YouTube shows footage of me skateboarding, sur? ng, playing music, hitting a golf ball, falling down, getting up, speaking to audiences, and best of all, receiving hugs from all sorts of great people. All in all, those are pretty ordinary activities that just about anybody can do, right?

The Grandmothers Tale Essay Example

The Grandmothers Tale Essay EXTENSION ENGLISH The Grandmothers Tale Speech Fairy Tales are short stories that have been passed through cultures and generations, usually adapting to fit the social restrictions and morals of the time. The Grandmothers Tale, which most of us would recognize as Charles Perrault’s adaptation, Little Red Riding Hood, has been passed through different cultures, countries and many variations of the text are prevalent in different societies around the world. The Grandmother’s Tale tells of how a young girl, who is nameless, ventures through the woods to visit her sick grandmother. On the way she meets a wolf, and because of her naivety, tells him where she is heading. The wolf beats her there, eats the grandmother and when the girl arrives, the wolf simulates the grandmother’s voice in order to eat the girl too. The girl how-ever escapes and the wolf ends up getting dropped in the river by laundresses and drowns. Because the hero of the story, the young girl is kept nameless throughout various variations of the text, she is then seen as a representative of all children who read the text, making her a role model for those children. We will write a custom essay sample on The Grandmothers Tale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Grandmothers Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Grandmothers Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer By giving her an identity this would no longer apply, lessening the effect that fairy tales are designed to have on children. The text has undergone a number of transformations, both simple and complex, thus leading to a variety of versions. By analyzing the text and applying reading practices, approaches and other methods of deconstruction, namely those of Joseph Campbell’s hero’s cycle and Vladimir Propp’s deconstruction of folk tales, it is possible to create a complex transformation of the text. Vladimir Propp and Joseph Campbell both theorized the idea that in divulging into a fairytale text analytically, one can establish certain analyzable elements which are present in a majority of folk tales in unvarying order. Propp studies fairytales by examining their most basic plot components. He devised a list of 31 generic functions, proposing that they covered all of the plot components from which fairy tales were constructed. Joseph Campbell however, discovered one standard plot that has been repeated throughout mythology and fairytale genre. The invited reading of this text is not dissimilar to Bruno Betlelheim’s theory that â€Å"Children know that there are monsters – they need to know that they can be defeated. † The young girl is able to subvert the power relationship between herself and the wolf by using her wits to outsmart him, becoming the heroine of the story and saving herself rather than being passive and becoming a victim. The ideal reading is to not challenge the status quo, thus agreeing with the ideologies presented in the text. By doing so, the reader would be then deemed by Eco to be what he theorized as the ‘Model reader’. The Model reader responds, comprehends, embraces and respects dominant ideologies and discourses promoted in the text. Though the model reader is not born with that socio-cultural understanding, it is imbedded into varying aspects of their culture, like fairy tales, thus molding them into the â€Å"Model reader†. By using characters such as Ogres, witches and, in the case of the grandmother’s tale, a wolf, to portray evil, children are able to easily distinguish between the good and bad. One reason for this is because of the depiction of such characters in folk tales. Usually the good characters are represented as being beautiful, gold hearted beings while the evil are ugly animalistic creatures that are rarely human. The purpose of many fairy tales is to support the status quo. By repeating this practice fairy tales are able to convey the idea that society is portrayed how it should and that it should not be challenged or questioned. They are inherently conservative and portray the dominant ideologies of the time and the society of which they support. They are written by those in power in order to position us in favor of the already powerful. When analyzing The Grandmother’s Tale, it is necessary to have considered the cultural understandings of the time period of which it was written and to understand the discourses which shape that particular society. A discourse is not just a way of speaking or writing, but the whole ‘mental set’ and ideology which encloses the thinking of all members of a given society. That is why transformations of the text can occur. French Philosopher, Michel Foucault is post-modernist in his approach to defining power. He theorized that â€Å"Power works through language by presenting a certain type of knowledge as if it were reality or truth. The discourses of power which exist in society, are those promoted in fairytales. These are people who are wealthy, mainly those born into wealth, and the biologically powerful, men. In The Grandmother’s Tale, the power is, to my cultural understanding, decentralized, by subverting the power relationship to favor the young girl, though in the transformation, Little Red Riding Hood, the power is attributed to the patriarchal male. By referring to Joseph Campbell’s Hero cycle and Vladimir Propp’s analysis of folk tales, the characters can be categorized by the roles of which they play. The heroine of the story is the young girl; she would be labeled as the hero. This operates under a socially acceptable discourse, that of femininity and youth. She is portrayed as genuinely light hearted, a discursive trait that is generally attributed to the hero of the tale. The wolf is the villain of the tale, portraying evil, dishonesty and a cunning manipulative personality. In Norse mythology, Fenrir is a wolf that is bound by the gods, though destined to grow and kill Odin, only to be slain by Odin’s son . Anthropomorphism is the attribution of uniquely human characteristics to nonhuman beings, inanimate objects, or natural or supernatural phenomena. This is something that is repeated in many fairy tales, though in most cases the object or animal is portrayed as something positive. Examples such as the little bird or the bull, existing in transformation of the Cinderella text are seen as the agents of transformation, helping the unrecognized hero, as labeled by Joseph Campbell, to break free of the restraints which hold the hero back from transformation. Readers readily embrace the negative connotations attributed with wolfs, not just because of representations in Norse mythology and other tales, legends and stories, but also because of the biological factors. The wolf is an ice age survivor, stalking its prey in packs. They hunt in packs and for many years have deprived farmers of their livestock, leading to starvation. By attributing human traits to the wolf, a creature that is feared in societies around the world and often portrayed as evil, the children reading, or listening to the text are subconsciously connecting those fearful manipulative traits seen in humans, with evil. This particular representation has supported society’s constraints and still exists and operates in societies of today. Though the wolf is portrayed negatively, it can still be seen as the agent of transformation. In the tale, the girl is naive and disorientated to start with, though with the second encounter of the wolf the girl realizes that he is negative, taking it upon her self to flee. The wolf or villain is then killed, leaving the reader with a sense of satisfaction, knowing that the good character of the story prevailed. The wolf is not human so the power discourse is shifted then by that fact and the fact that he is evil, putting the young girl in power, making it socially acceptable for the wolf to be slain. In some variations of the text the wolf is slain in a gruesome manner yet is still seen as acceptable. By introducing the Woodcutter into an adaptation of the text, Little Red Riding Hood, the power discourse is then, in my opinion, centralized, due to the society of which I live in. In the text, the dominant discourses operating are that of gender. A middle aged working man is now seen to be the hero of the story, subverting the power relationship away from the young girl. He rescues the two women from the wolf, portraying the women as passive and dependant. Both of these ideals are crucial in understanding both texts and without them the text would convey little meaning. This naturalizes the dominant discourses operating in the society of when the text was written. Post-Structuralism suggests that the reader will attribute their own attitudes, values and beliefs to a text whilst reading it. They make links based on the social context of which they exist and operate and expect or predict certain outcomes and events, such as good prevailing over evil, thus leading to a â€Å"happy ending† (do finger quote marks!!!!! ). A happy ending is normally constituted by the dominant discourse that represents the good, generally the heroes, prevailing, while the negativity of the story or the villain is conquered. In literary theory structuralism is a reading approach that observes narrative material, semiotic codes being just one aspect. Structuralism emerged fully in the 1950’s and 1960’s though it can be traced back to the works of Ferdinand de Saussure; a Swiss Linguist who was one of the key figures in the development of modern approaches to the study of language between 1857 and 1913. By analyzing The Grandmother’s Tale using the semiotic code, there are underlying actions, discourses and ideologies prevalent in the text, as well as symbolic meanings which lead the reader to gain inter-textual references and recognize the text as a variation of a text that they have read. Examples of this are such things as the introduction of the colour red that is used in Little Red Riding Hood, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm’s version Little Red Cap, an Austrian version called Little Red Hat and it is also seen in other variations of the story. Alfred DuPont Chandler, Jr. was a professor of business history at Harvard Business School, who wrote extensively about the scale and the management structures of modern corporations. He states â€Å"A sign is a meaningful unit which is interpreted as standing for something other than itself†. The tale and its variations follow the same basic structure and the discourses under which the characters operate tend to be similar in each of the texts. By analyzing the text and subverting discourses and changing actions and traits of the characters, a complex transformation of the text can be produced. This text is generally unrecognizable and readers are unable to connect it to the original text until methods of deconstruction are applied. An example of this is the movie Pretty Woman, a complex transformation of the Cinderella fairy tale. The discourses under which the characters operate have been subverted; therefore the viewer doesn’t recognize the text though they anticipate the actions and behavior of the characters as well as the ending because they are subconsciously making links to Cinderella and similar fairy tales without realization of this. To create a complex transformation of The Grandmother’s Tale, one must subvert ideologies and discourses so that they can be questioned and must stray from the archetypal characters. When deconstructing the transformed version of The Grandmother’s Tale it is obvious that the same basic line of events and structure is still used. It is the discursive shifts and altered semiotics that make the text unrecognizable. The ideal young girl of the story is that of a kind hearted innocent being. By representing her as a young prostitute who has little respect for men, she is no longer the epitome of all that is good and pure, formulating many negative ideologies so that the reader then has to question the text. This then allows a transformation of which challenges cultural expectations and social understandings and assumptions that are crucial to the base text. The inversion of the â€Å"wolf† is another aspect of the transformed text that makes it harder to link it to the original base text. Zoopomorphisation, opposed to anthropomorphism, is giving the human character animal features. I have then subverted those characteristics so that the character is completely different from what the reader expects. The wolf character in The Grandmother’s Tale represents evil, so it would be natural to have the human character whose physical attributes are wolf like to also be evil. There are examples of this in many fictional stories and movies with the use of the â€Å"werewolf† character. However, in the transformed version of The Grandmother’s Tale, Fenrir the male client of the subverted ideal girl who is a prostitute is inverted behaviorally by loving and trying to protect the prostitute. His intentions are pure and selfless, unlike those of the wolf in the base texts. Another discursive shift present in the transformed text is that of the grandmother figure from the base text. The Grandmother’s Tale and Little Red Riding Hood both consist of a sick grandmother, who is needy of basic necessities like milk and bread. The young girl in both of those tales then takes those necessities to the ill grandmother. By inverting the grandmothers gender and altering the age and discourse under which the character operates, an unrecognizable character is formed. When deconstructed, the pimp in the transformed text is actually the subverted grandmother from the base text. He too is ill, though in the text it states what illness he has, putting him in a position where he is relying on his prostitute to bring him money to live on. His behavior however is not kind, but manipulative and selfish, shifting away from the discursive traits of the original character. The pimp is represented as being physically attractive opposed to being physically animalistic and ugly, a trait which generally applies to the villains of the text. Take for example the step mother or step sisters in Cinderella. Those three characters are all represented as being selfish and ugly and are seen to be the villains. The prostitute respects him, something that a lot of us would find hard to comprehend due to the society of which we operate and the ideologies which enclose our thinking. In the original text, the hero’s helpers are the laundresses. By inverting their gender and altering the motive behind killing the wolf character, they are no longer perceived as the hero’s helpers. Though this shift has occurred, the same line of events and the same outcomes are achieved. The reason for these discursive shifts is to subvert the dominant patterns seen in The Grandmother’s Tale and its variations, thus positioning the reader to question ideologies and discourses used in the transformed text. The semiotics in the transformed text are those seen in the original text, though slightly altered. The colour red that has been introduced to variations of The Grandmother’s Tale is used throughout the transformed version, though in different ways conveying different ideologies and meanings. The tattoo on the young prostitute’s leg is an important symbol, ttributing several different meanings to the text. There is extensive symbolism endorsed with the colour red, some positive and some negative. Red is evidently the first colour perceived by man, and a common belief is that the colour red held protective powers against evil influence. Some negative connotations of the colour can be dated back to Israelites in biblical times who painted their do orframes in red blood to scare demons. In ancient Egypt red was the colour of the desert and that of the destructive god Seth. Red is the most vivid symbol in the text, though it was not originally used in The Grandmother’s Tale and was thought to be introduced by Perrault. Psychoanalytic critics have divulged into analyzing the meaning of the colour as it traditionally symbolizes things that would not normally be attributed with a small child. Sin and blood to passion and sexuality, there are many sexual undertones attributed with the colour red. Though the colour is suggestive of sexual connotations, it was most likely introduced by Perrault to try and provoke the idea of caution, another meaning often associated with the colour red. It is obvious that the semiotics present in a text will change over time due to extensive perceptions of signs and symbols that are attributed with certain cultural beliefs. The reason I chose to use a Chinese dragon as the symbol of her tattoo is because of the dominant religions prevalent in my cultural context. By using a red dragon, I am able to subvert the Judeo Christian ideologies and discourses surrounding innocence and the belief in one god. The dominant meaning derived from the tattoo and its colour is that it is very provocative and sexually suggestive, emphasized a lot by the fact that it is on her upper thigh. When analyzed and applied to Chinese mythology, it suggests a lot of other connotations, differing greatly to the negative connotations assumed surrounding Judeo Christian ideologies. The Chinese dragon is one of the most important mythical creatures in Chinese mythology. The Chinese dragon is considered to be the most powerful and divine creature and is believed to be the controller of all waters. The dragon symbolised great power and was very supportive of heroes and gods. This subverts religious beliefs present in the text as there has been extensive interaction between chinese mythology and religion. The chinese dragon is also ultimately symbolic of good fortune. This transformation oversteps boundries layed down by society, and does not make sense within the traditional fairy tale genre. I have chosen to subvert various discourses in order to display this, though I kept the same basic structure throughout the whole text. The original consists of a young girl getting followed by a wolf, who is going to get taken away from her grandmother, though because of this the wolf gets killed. The transformed text is ultimately the same, though due to the amount of discursive shifts this is unrecognizalbe at first. Through reproductions of the text, the most common dominant discourses present are that of gender, clearly reflecting the way society has been and still is being constructed to accept the patriachal hierachy of male dominance. It is evident that fairy tales have underlying intentions of societal constraint and socially acceptable conformity, thus the repiticouse productions of fairy tales seem to have the same underlying message, of which is society is portrayed how it should and that it should not be challenged or questioned. Thank-you

Colin l. Powell essays

Colin l. Powell essays Today, Colin L. Powell is the Secretary of State. He stands as the right hand to our nations president; George W. Bush, helping him find the right answers to the problems he faces with potential war enemies. He holds the most powerful office position ever held by an African American in the United States. His prestigious and essential position in office was achieved not only from his years and knowledge in political administration positions, but most importantly for his military achievements. Colin Powell, a four star general; the highest rank in the Army branch has endured a long journey of military life. His history in the military has made him a hero and a role model for those who serve in all military branches and to civilians who admire his triumphs. Colin L. Powell was born on April 5, 1937 in Harlem, New York. His parents, both immigrants from Jamaica, taught Colin the importance of education and personal achievements. With that in mind Colin Powell graduated from high school in 1954. He went on to college at city college of New York to study geology. It was there; during his studies of geology that Colin L. Powell began his military journey. An old distinguished building had somehow got his eyes on his way to school; it was a drill hall for the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC). He enrolled in the program a short time after he discovered it. For the next four years it became Colins focus of life. He became a cadet in the ROTC and learned the discipline, structure and the camaraderie that the military enforces. There, he was awarded commander of perishing rifles. He graduated at the top of the ROTC class in 1955, making rank of Cadet Colonel; it was the highest rank in the corps. As a distinguished military graduate Colin was offered to go on active duty for three years rather then reserves and he eagerly accepted. Colin Powell had accepted to serve his country at...

Accounting for Management Decisions

From their establishment in 1914, who was formed as Western Australian Farmer Cooperative, they have qualified to be the largest among the listed companies of Australia. They have their head office in Western Australia. Their wide variety of business involves liquor, supermarkets, convenience stores, hotels, office supplies and home improvement. They also have business departments in fertilisers and energy, chemicals, coal, safety and industrial products. Wesfarmers positioned among the largest employers in private sector employing approximately 220,000 employees and shareholder stands of around 530,000 (Wesfarmers.com.au 2016). Wesfarmers aims to attain their objectives through: Woolworths is the biggest chain for supermarket in Australia. They operate 961 stores and employ 111,000 team members around Australia. They provide their customers with support offices and allocation centres to offer their consumers with better value, range, services and convenience. Woolworths are confident about working closely with farmers and growers from Australia to assure that the best produces are available to their consumers. Their available sources for 96% of vegetables and fresh fruits and 100% of fresh meats are from the growers and farmers of Australia. As the leading retailer of Australia, they appreciate that the customers always search for simple and new way for shopping. To facilitate the consumers to avail the facility of shopping on the go, they had introduces the App for Woolworths supermarket and the best thing is that the groceries are delivered directly to the kitchen bench ("Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online", 2016) Woolworths fulfils their objectives through maintain these basic things: Net cash received from operating activities amounted to $3365 million for the year ended 2016. The main receipt under this head was receipt from customers and the major payment was towards the employees and suppliers.   Net cash from investing activities were amounted to ($2132) million. The major payments involved the payment towards the plant, equipments, property and intangibles. Their net cash flows from financing activities are ($1333) million. Major transactions involved under this were proceeds from borrowing and repayment of borrowing. Their year-end cash equivalent and cash was $611 million. In creation of earnings and cash flow, the company utilize exceptional well teams of management who have the capabilities to earn long-term growth and profit. This is obtained by employing best practice principles in maintenance and execution of operation for long-term target concerning results and strategy. The company observes to improve the effectiveness of working capital on a continuous basis for their business. In addition, the company assures the tough discipline with regards to capital expenses and decision of investment.   Net increase in cash or cash equivalents comes in negative figures and amounted to ($100); Only the inclusion of opening cash balance turned the closing balance into positive, which amounted to $611 million (Wesfarmers.com.au 2016) Net cash received from operating activities amounted to $2357.50 million for the year ended 2016. The main receipt under this head was receipt from customers and the major payment was towards the employees and suppliers.   Net cash from investing activities were amounted to ($1266.7) million. The major payments involved the payment towards the plant, equipments, property and intangibles. Their net cash flows from financing activities are ($1474.9) million. Major payments involved under this were payment of dividend and repayment of borrowing. Their year-end cash equivalent and cash was $956 million. Their cash and cash equivalents in the statements of cash flow includes call deposits and cash balance with a maturity period of three months or less than three months. Only the cash from operating activities has been achieved positive results. Cash from financing activities and investing activities are in negative figures, that is, loss. The differences in foreign currency were due to conversion of foreign operations. Differences in exchange causes due to receivable of monetary item or future payment to foreign operation for the agreement to the subject matter, which were not intended or not probable to take place in the near future. These hedges and monetary items are considered being part of the total investment in international operation and classified again into loss or profit on disposal of the total investment. Net increase in cash or cash equivalents comes in negative figures and amounted to ($384.10); Only the inclusion of opening cash balance turned the closing balance into positive, which amounted to $956 million (Woolworths Annual Report 2016).   Wesfarmers limited: $3365/$3798 = 0.88 times or 88% Woolworths limited: $2358/$1983 = 1.19 times or 11.9% Wesfarmers limited: $3365/$10424 = 0.32 times or 32% Woolworths limited: $2358/$8993 = 0.26 times or 26% Wesfarmers limited: $7410/$3365 = 2.20 times or 22% Woolworths limited: $6039/$2358 = 2.56 times or 25.60% Wesfarmers limited: ($3365/$65981)*100 = 5.10% Woolworths limited: ($2357.5/$58275.5)*100 = 4.05% Wesfarmers limited: $9684/$17834 = 0.54 Woolworths limited: $7427/$8993 = 0.83 Wesfarmers limited: $407/$22949*100 = 1.77 Woolworths limited: ($1235)/$8471 = -0.15 #year-end owner’s equity is used instead of the average figure (i)Using profit: Profit/Average total asset# Wesfarmers limited: $407/$40783*100 = 0.99% Woolworths limited: ($1235)/$7427*100 = -16.63% # year-end total assets is used instead of the average figure Wesfarmers limited: $1346/$40783*100 = 3.30% Woolworths limited: $2564/$7427*100 = 34.52% #EBIT = profit after tax + tax expense + net interest expense Wesfarmers limited: $17843/$22949*100 = 77.75% Woolworths limited: $15032/$8471*100 = 177.45% (Source: Woolworths Annual Report 2016) Operating cash flow ratio: The operating cash flow is a measure to calculate the liquidity of a company. If the ratio of cash flow from operation comes less than 1, that means the company has not created enough cash in the related period to pay off their liabilities over short-term period. It is a parameter of how well the company’s current obligations are covered up by the company’s flow of cash from operations (Gupta et al., 2014). Manipulating the flow of cash against the income is regarded as more accurate, cleaner method as the revenues can be influenced. The operating cash flow ratio of Wesfarmers limited is 0.32 and that of Woolworths limited is 0.26. The industry average is 1. Both the company’s operating cash flow ratio is below the average. However, if the two companies are compared, Wesfarmers Limited is in slightly better position than Woolworths Limited (Biddle, Ma & Song, 2013). Debt coverage ratio: Debt coverage ratio is a method of calculating the available cash flow to pay off the obligation of current debt. This ratio explains the total operating income as a compound of debt liability payable within the period of one year and it includes principal, sinking fund, lease payment and interest. In finance of government, it is the export earning required meeting the yearly principal and interest payments on a nation’s external borrowings. On the other hand, in individual finance, the officers of bank loan to estimate the borrowings on property income apply this ratio (Rasoolpur, 2014).   Debt coverage ratio greater than 1 means the company - whether company, person or government – has capability to pay off its current borrowing liabilities with its available income. Debt coverage ratio of less than 1 means the company is not viable. The debt coverage ratio of Wesfarmers limited is 2.20 times and that of Woolworths limited is 2.56 times and the industry average is 1. Both the company’s debt coverage ratio is above the average. However, if the two companies are compared, Woolworths Limited is in slightly better position than Wesfarmers Limited. However, the high ratio always does not mean that the companies are in very good position. It also indicates that the company is not utilising its income properly and are afraid of taking debt from outsides for improvement purpose (Keister & Bech, 2012).    Cash flow to sales ratio: This ratio evaluates the sales revenue with the operating cash flows. This ratio scrutinizes the capability of a company to earn cash from its sales and help the investors to make their investment decisions.   It is stated in percentage terms. Ideally, with the increase in sales, there should be increase in operating cash flow (Friesenbichler, Hà ¶lzl & Hà ¶lzl, 2016). The situation will be troublesome if the movements of cash flows are not corresponding to the movement in sales. The more the ratio, the better the position the company in. it is always desirable to have larger amount of cash flows from operations. The Cash flow to sales ratio of Wesfarmers limited is 5.10% and that of Woolworths limited is 4.05%. It reveals that Wesfarmers is in a better position to generate cash from sales compared to Woolworths Limited (Douglas, Huang & Vetzal, 2016). Base on the above analysis it is concluded that Both the company should attempt to take necessary steps to increase their operating cash flow ratio and to meet at least the industry average of 1. Major portion of the payment for the companies are for supplies and payment to employees. The companies should should take initiatives to increase their production with available supplies and employees so that, their operating income can be increased with minimisation of cost. Biddle, G. C., Ma, M. L., & Song, F. M. (2013). The risk management role of accounting conservatism for operating cash flows.  Available at SSRN 1695629. Douglas, A. V., Huang, A. G., & Vetzal, K. R. (2016). Cash flow volatility and corporate bond yield spreads.  Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting,  46(2), 417-458. Friesenbichler, K. S., Hà ¶lzl, W., & Hà ¶lzl, K. (2016). Cash-Flow-to-Sales Ratio Unchanged in 2015. Profitability of Austrian Manufacturing.  WIFO Bulletin,  21(11), 136-145. Gupta, J., Wilson, N., Gregoriou, A., & Healy, J. (2014). The value of operating cash flow in modelling credit risk for SMEs.  Applied Financial Economics,  24(9), 649-660. Home - Woolworths Annual Report 2016. (2016). Wow2016ar.qreports.com.au. Retrieved 26 December 2016, from https://wow2016ar.qreports.com.au/ Home. (2016). Wesfarmers.com.au. Retrieved 26 December 2016, from https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/ Kaplan, R. S., & Atkinson, A. A. (2015).  Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Keister, T., & Bech, M. L. (2012). On the liquidity coverage ratio and monetary policy implementation.  BIS Quarterly Review December. Rasoolpur, G. S. (2014). Impact of Cash Flow Coverage, Debt Service & Current Ratio on Capital Structure Decisions: Empirical Evidence from the Indian Corporate Sector.  Journal of Research in Marketing,  3(1), 232-238. Reports. (2016). Wesfarmers.com.au. Retrieved 26 December 2016, from https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/investor-centre/company-performance-news/reports Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online. (2016). Woolworths Online. Retrieved 26 December 2016, from https://www.woolworths.com.au/

Survey result section with pie charts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Survey result section with pie charts - Essay Example From the results, some teachers felt that direct instruction to the students either individually or in class was an effective method. The numbers were however less (12%) as compared the group the group that preferred a cooperative learning approach moderated by the teacher (76%). In this method the learners would choose the topic of their liking and research on it before teaching their fellow students. None of the teacher preferred thought it was a good idea for the learner to be left to acquire the knowledge alone. This would deny the learner a chance to have a different perspective of the concept like the peers. The case study results indicated that 65 percent of the teachers (15) preferred to resolve the situation by dividing the students into mixed groups and letting them assist each other in learning (Answer 1). Some 22% of the teachers interviewed (5) thought it suitable to teach the whole group at the pace of the slow learner (answer 2). The remaining 13% or 3 of the interviewed teachers thought that the teacher should divide the student according to ability and teach them differently (answer 3). None of the teacher interviewed thought that teaching at the pace of the high level learning ability students was beneficial. From the results, a majority preferred the approach of combining the higher level learning ability with the low level learning students. This means that the students could cooperate with each other to effectively acquire the knowledge from their peers better. It should be noted that it is difficult to determine the learning pace of the slow students. This explains the reason why the method of mixed ability grouping was preferred by the majority. Dividing the group into two was not proposed by many. This because it would be difficult to foster social leaning between the learners and how the learners would benefit from each other is not

Based on your understanding from the classes you have taken in the Essay

Based on your understanding from the classes you have taken in the interior design program, what values and contributions does the field of interior design offe - Essay Example During cold someone won’t prefer ice cream; instead he will look for a thing of another kind preferably coffee. That is what people want; to adjust with environment. Adjustment takes place in two basic steps: one is judgment where one tries to inspect the level of satisfaction by comparison and another is selection which comes into mind if first one directs to do so. Fashionable clothes, jewelries, rich food etc are common example of this. But what about shelter? All these luxurious wants go to slum if you don’t have place to take deep breath. After daily hard work when we return home, we look for peace, relaxation and happiness. It’s a place which refreshes our mind and gives us energy to face daily problems. So home also needs designing and proper arrangements with all facilities within that in order to bring ease and comfort in our life. This work can be beautifully done with help of interior designer. Nowadays Interior designer has more responsibilities, as e verybody has different needs and level of satisfaction; and he needs to satisfy customers’ thinking after maintaining his own constraints (budget, profit, house area etc...). Design is a term related to creativity. Interior design is a process to improve human interaction with the living environment. An interior designer is a qualified person who works on interior spaces to improve its quality and with a vision to enhance the lifestyle of human being, making it healthier and safer (Znoy, Jason A, 2004). It’s not about profession and revenues; but the art reflects to his personal life too as society is not a group of families rather individuals! One dominating factor comes and that is financial effort. One designer will do the work for mankind but a large class of people is not in a position to adopt it. Here comes the challenge. What’s that contribution where all are not getting the chance to feel pleasure? So, design must be flexible and easily acceptable. Nowadays People misunderstand

Is Beer Becoming More Concentrated Essay Example for Free

Is Beer Becoming More Concentrated Essay At first glance, the UK brewing industry might appear to be highly competitive, with many pubs in close proximity to one another and with many brands of beer and lager offered for sale. However, in reality most pubs are owned by the major brewers. Tied houses, as they are called, account for about 40 per cent of a brewer’s turnover, and sell only a limited range of the beers and lagers that are available. Consumer choice is clearly constrained. The oligopolistic nature of the brewing industry can be seen when we consider the market shares of the leading brewers (see table). In 1985 the three largest brewers held 47 per cent of the market. By 2001 this had grown to 73 per cent. What is also significant is that small independent brewers, which generally operate within a local or regional market, have seen a dramatic fall in their market share. With this huge growth in the market power of the major brewers have come large rises in the price of beer (even after taking inflation and tax increases into account). Prices in the UK have risen faster than anywhere else in Europe. Market shares of the largest brewers | |1985 | | |2005 | | |(%) | | |(%) | |Bass |22 | |Scottish-Courage |27 | |Allied Lyons (Carlsberg) |13 | |Coors (Carling, Worthington) |20 | |Grand Met (Watneys) |12 | |! nbev (Bass, Beck’s, Stella) |19 | |Whitbread |11 | |Carlsberg UK (Carlsberg, Tetley’s) |13 | |Scottish and Newcastle |10 | |Diageo (Guinness) |6 | |Courage |9 | |Anheuser-Busch (Budweiser) |2 | |Others |23 | |Others |13 | |Total |100 | |Total |100 | |3-firm concentration ratio |47 | |3-firm concentration ratio |66 | |5-firm concentration ratio |68 | |5-firm concentration ratio |85 | 1987, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission, the forerunner to the Competition Commission (see section 6. 6), investigated the brewing industry and in 1989 issued the ‘Beer Orders’, requiring the large brewers to sell many of their pubs. The objective was to increase competition as smaller brewers and other companies and individuals bought these pubs and then stocked a range of beers. However, the hopes were ill-founded. The pubs that were sold were the least profitable, and many have since closed. There is thus now less competition between pubs. Also, about 40 per cent of UK pubs are now owed by large pub chains. The Beer Orders also required that over 10 000 pubs owned by the big breweries should stock ‘guest beers’ from rival breweries. But the big breweries responded by selling most of these pubs. In pubs not owned by the big breweries, and where there is the threat of genuine competition, the big breweries often supply their beers at lower prices, thus making it impossible for the smaller breweries to compete. The brewers, finding a reduction in their scope for achieving economies of scale from vertical integration (owning both breweries and pubs), have sought to gain economies of scale from horizontal integration (having a larger share of total brewing). Mergers and takeovers in the brewing industry have been common. For example, in May 2000 Interbrew (the Belgian brewer and owners of the Stella Artois brand) acquired Whitbread, the UK’s third largest brewer, and a month later acquired Bass, the second largest. This gave Interbrew nearly one third of the market. The acquisitions were referred to the Competition Commission, which recommended a break up of the new giant: a recommendation accepted by the government. In response, at the end of 2001 Interbrew (now called !nbev) sold most of the Whitbread division, including brands such as Carling, Caffrey’s and Worthington, to the US brewer Coors. In the light of this splitting of Interbrew, and feeling that this proved that competition policy was effective, the government in 2002 decided to scrap the Beer Orders. This was greeted with dismay by small independent brewers, which were already reluctant to expand, faced with the power of such massive competitors in both production and retail, with heavily advertised brands gaining larger and larger shares of the market. Small independent brewers are understandably reluctant to expand, faced with the power of such massive competitors in both production and retail, with heavily advertised brands gaining larger and larger shares of the market. |Questions | |1. What are the barriers to entry in (a) brewing; (b) opening new pubs? | |2. Do small independent brewers have any market advantages?

Medical Marijuana: Reducing Spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients E

Medical Marijuana: Reducing Spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients What is Multiple Sclerosis? Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. MS affects approximately 3.0 million people globally, with about 300,000 cases in the United States. Twice as many women as men have MS. The average ages for onset of MS is 20-40 years. In MS, cells in the immune system attack and destroy myelin, the fatty tissue surrounding nerve cells (http://www.phylomed.com/MS.html). Scar tissue replaces the myelin, interfering with the transmission of nerve signals and leading to numbness, fatigue, spasticity, loss of muscle control, and various other debilitating symptoms. There are four broad theories concerning the etiology of MS. The immune system, environment, viral infections, and genetics are possible factors attributed to the cause of MS (http://www.nmss.org/msinfo/cmsi/etiology.html). Although there are no cures for MS, this disease is not fatal. Advancements in technology and medicine enable people with MS to live 90-95% of the normal life span (Si bley, 12). What is Spasticity? Spasticity refers to an increase in muscle tone that causes muscle stiffness or spasms (Sibley, 105). There are two types of spasticity prevalent in people with MS: phasic spasms and a sustained increase in muscle tone. Phasic spasms sub-categorize into two types of spasticity: flexor and extensor. In flexor spasticity, the hips and knees of the person bend forward, due to tightening of the hamstrings. In extensor spasticity, the legs of the patient cross over at the ankles or lock together, with the hips and knees remaining rigid (http://www.nmss.org/msinfo/cmsi/spasticity.html). Spasms also occur less fre... ....M., Schonle, P.W., Conrad, B. Journal of Neurology, "Effect of Cannabinoids on Spasticity and Ataxia in Multiple Sclerosis." 1989; 236: pages 120-122. Petro, D.J., Ellenberger, C.E. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, "Treatment of Human Spasticity with Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol." 1981; 21: 413S-416S. Sibley, William A. (1996). Therapeutic Claims in Multiple Sclerosis: A Guide to Treatments (4th ed.). New York: Demos Vermande. Ungerleider, J.T., Andrysiak, Y., Fairbanks, L., Ellison, G.W., Myers, L.W. Advanced Alcohol Substance Abuse, "Delta-9-THC in the Treatment of Spasticity Associated with Multiple Sclerosis." 1988; 7 (1), 39-50. http://www.phylomed.com/MS.html http://www.nmss.org/msinfo/cmsi/etiology.html http://www.farmacy.org/prop215/apha.html http://www.marihemp.com/marimed.html http://www.marijuanamyths.com/med-myths.php3

Females and males had equal but complementary roles in traditional Aboriginal life Essay

The purpose of this report is to show that women and men shared many roles in Traditional Australian Aboriginal life. It is acknowledged that men and women were given equal and complementary roles when it came to ceremonies, hunting and gathering, raising and initiating the children, building shelter and throughout the leadership hierarchy. This is proved through evidence collected and presented in the following paragraphs. The roles of both men and women were important and neither was thought to be as more significant than the other. While men had certain roles and women had other roles, they complemented each other which made day to day life easier and more bearable for the group. There were many different types of ceremonies performed by the Australian Aboriginals. Some ceremonies performed were initiation ceremonies, funeral ceremonies, cleansing ceremonies and ceremonies to great other tribes or groups of Australian aboriginals onto their land. During initiation ceremonies, young boys and girls begin the journey to become a man or woman. They are often taken away from the group and left in the bush to be shown and taught by the elders. The elders will pass on the laws relating to their country, spiritual belief and the role and obligations they have within the tribe. [1] This ceremony is performed by both men and women and each role they play complements the other. While men look after the young boys and women look after the young girls, without their roles complementing each other, neither group would be able to co-exist. In funeral ceremonies, both men and women elders would smoke out a house where a person may have died. This is to rid their community of the potential of the deceased’s bad spirits coming back. They also find the last place the deceased person was and smoke it for the same reason. [2] During this ceremony, they would often cut open their own flesh to show their pain and sorrow because one of them had passed. They sung and danced to ensure the deceased’s spirit had left to return to its birth place where it was to be reborn into the world. [3]Without both the men and women complementing each other throughout this ceremony, they would not be able to be performed. Aboriginal people believe that when a person dies, their spirit goes back to the Dreaming Ancestors in the land. This is only possible if certain ceremonies and rituals are performed. They used dances and special songs in times of death or mourning periods. It is also thought that when a person dies they are one with the land again, so often, the aboriginal group will vacate the area that a group member died. It is unsure whether this is out of respect or out of fear that the spirit will return and haunt them. They will return to the place sometime within a year and bury the bones of their dead group member. All other ceremonies that are performed by the Australian Aboriginals were able to be performed by both male and female members of the group. Some also include other groups or tribes. It is known that the Australian Aboriginals were avid hunters. They had a very deep knowledge of their land and believe they were born of it. They also had great knowledge of water sources and seasonal changes which affect the type of food readily available to them. They were knowledgeable about certain foods which were poisonous to them and knew when and how to avoid them should they ever come across these foods. Both males and females made different but complementary contributions when it came to hunting and gathering. The roles of both men and women were complementary in that they worked together to gather food to prepare a meal. Women gathered things such as vegetables, eggs, honey, roots, fruit, and small reptiles such as snakes and goannas. Mostly, the men hunted larger animals such as emus and kangaroos as well as birds. [4] The preparing of such foods was done by both the men and women. It is believed that women were the main carers of young children in traditional Australian Aboriginal society. However, during initiation, the men took over the role of caring for the young boy so they could be taught the laws of the land. When a young boy was roughly six years of age, he would go and join the male adults to learn about hunting and food gathering while the young girls would remain with the women to learn about different things such as child bearing, child rearing and food gathering [5] Because of a combination of nomadic lifestyle and the regions sunny climate, aboriginal people believed there was no need to build shelters or dwellings. The shelter that was used in permanent camps consisted in a frame made from saplings, or straight branches, covered with materials that were available locally such as leafy branches or sheets of bark. In some areas the covering of the shelter was sheets of soft paperbark, which were pulled down from trees. In other areas they used bushes and leafy branches instead because the bark was not available. Australia has such a mild climate, most of the time, they would sleep in the open, and warmth was often provided by a fire or two. They would sometimes be accompanied by a dingo or camp dog, which would also provide warmth to the man or women who it slept beside. During the wetter and colder seasons, they sometimes used closed dome-shaped shelters which were made with a frame of different sized sticks bent over, which joined in the middle to make the dome shape. They were not very big, standing between one and two metres tall. The frame for these was covered with whatever materials that could be found locally such as sheets of bark, layers of soft grass and leaves. [6] Both men and women would collect and assemble the shelters used as well as the campfire. Sometimes they had daytime fires which needed protection from the wind, so they used bushes and branches as a windbreak. Women would gather the leafy branches and bark that is needed to make the roof while the men would gather the saplings and/or the straight branches used to make the frame. Another form of shelter used when available was small or shallow caves that were often hidden behind rocks or bushes. These provided natural shelter for the nomadic Australian Aboriginals. [7] Both men and women had various roles when it comes to leadership in the Aboriginal culture. Both genders would contribute in leading ceremonies, tribal or group meetings and hunting parties. Although it is often shown that men have the main role of being an elder, women also were elders. Elders were leaders of the group who shared knowledge of the laws surrounding the land and how each member of the group intertwines with another. Elders are valuable members of each aboriginal tribe or group as they bring the wealth of knowledge and pass it down generation to generation. While male elders bring knowledge of hunting bigger animals, laws of the land and initiation, female elders bring knowledge of child irth, food gathering and child rearing. The knowledge used by both male and female members of the group helps them to become one with the land. In conclusion, in Traditional Australian Aboriginal life men and women were proven to share roles and complement each other through various ways. Through raising children, hunting and gathering, ceremonies and in leadership they comple ment each others roles so that the tribe or group can exist harmoniously. While men seem to have the main role throughout the Australian Aboriginal culture, it has now been proven that without the complementary role of women, the group would not continue to coexist.

Gender Discrimination on English Language

ABSTRACT Language plays an important role in society. As a phenomenon of society, language reflects all the sides of human society naturally. Sexism is a phenomenon that takes a male-as-norm attitude, trivializing, insulting or rendering women invisible. As a mirror reflecting the society, language images the social views and values. The causes of sexism in this thesis are not the language itself but due to the inequality between male and female in such areas as traditional culture, religious consciousness social status as well as social status.Language, which has a close relation with the society, could reflect the certain social custom and characteristic of a nation. In addition, social development and changes in turn will affect language and can input fresh blood to it. English, as one of the oldest languages, which has an extensive influence in the current world, has also experienced numerous impacts from the reforms and changes. These changes and trends constantly updated the us e of language as well.In the 1960s ,great changes have been made in modern English since the rise of the American feminist movement,namely, the women's liberation movement. That is, some of the original uses and meanings have been eliminated or become obsolete while some new expressions have emerged. On the one hand, it makes the English expressions and use more accurate, clear. On the other hand, however, it is hard to avoid bringing some new problems.The thesis summarizes the phenomena of sexism in English as well as traces the reasons for the occurrence of sexism in the English language. Then it concerns the feminist influence on language. The paper documents and discusses feminist language reform: the efforts, the initiatives and actions of feminists around the world to change the biased representation of the sexes in language Key Words: Sexism in language; Feminist movement; Language reform; Contents 0. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ,,,,,,,,1 1.. Sexism in Language †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 1. 1 The definition of language sexism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 1. 2 The phenomenon of language sexism in English†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 1. 3The reason of language sexism in English†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 1. 3. 1The influence of socialized prejudice and traditional idea†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 1. 3. 2 The influence of religion consciousnessà ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 1. 3. 3 The Psychological reason†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. The Development of the English Language Sexism viewed from the American Feminist Movements and its Effects†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2. 1 The influence of feminist movement on Language Sexism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2. 3 The effects on English language after the language reform †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. 3 The Different Attitude towards the Reform of English Language Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 Acknowledgements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16

Unemployment and Youth of Pakistan Essay Example

Unemployment and Youth of Pakistan Essay Example Unemployment and Youth of Pakistan Essay Unemployment and Youth of Pakistan Essay The problem of unemployment has all along been existed in Pakistan since its inception. It has occupied a centre in the country therefore, Pakistans new generations suffers from this problem a lot. Causes behind the unemployment of youth. 1-there are no vacancies for youth in the market, it is already saturated. 2- Population explosion. 3-Education system is backward so that youth are not fully prepared to come to the market demands. 4-Fiscal deficit in budget has detracted the ratio of the unemployment. 5- Lack of industrialization. Favoritism in politics. 7- Copy culture. 8- Interruption of political parties in educational institutions. 9- Weak economic plan and management. Effects of unemployment on youths of Pakistan. a-The youths are inclined to various social evils and diseases and even certain commit suicide. b- Pressure groups take place in the country. c- Ratio of criminality is on the increase among the youth. d- Street killing, kidnapping, robbery, raise its head in the c ommunity. e- Youth fall a pray to undesirable activities like smuggling, sale of heroin etc. Social disorder is on the increase in the society. g- Loss of national talent on which hope of family and future of Pakistan depends mainly. Suggestive measures: 1-Educational system should be strong. We should seek the light from the model of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. 2-Copy culture should be brought to an end and merit based culture should be developed. 3-Industrial sector should be encouraged. 4-Politiacal parties should be excommunicated from the educational institutions. Conclusion: Unemployment is an alarming tone for the survival of the country. Solution to this problem is a must to wriggle the new generation out of the sense of deprivation. The problem of unemployment has all along been existing in Pakistan society since its birth. It has occupied a central place in the country. Therefore, its new generation suffers from this problem a lot. It has made youths weak mentally and psychologically. It has brought about a great mental disorder and unrest among the country youths. This has made their lives worsen and national talent useless. The unemployed young men go too frequently far the limits to earn their livelihood. They fall a prey to criminality. For certain wealth, they can kidnap and commit murder of an innocent one. Moreover, there is a sever type of competition in the open market. Those who are well competent and active enough stand a great chance of selection. However, clever and broad minded youth are very few and far between. The market is already full and there is hardly any need for more workers. Besides, educational system is not up to the standard than expected ever. The youth of the hour is not well prepared in the educational institutions as well as the country market demands. This is the reason that the problem of unemployment is still unaddressed and new generation is under its debris. Therefore, educational institutions must be strengthened and made better than ever before. This being so, copy culture must be abolished from the institutions. Later on the youths will be better prepared to serve the country whole hog. To begin with, due to rapid population growth, all the professions are already saturated so that there is no any need of further employees. On the other hand, education of the country is not up to the required standards. It is backward and deficit so that the youths are not trained full well to come to the market demands. A graduate young is hardly accepted in any field. He is artless to the great extent and having no ability to work or serve in any profession at the present in the country. The on going educational system is divided in such a way that it creates classes between the people in accordance with the college and university they attend, on the other hand majority of the colleges and universities are infested with political parties. All of that creates confusion, rifts and tumbles between the students. The members of political parties are often found in undesirable, criminal activities in educational institutions. The real purpose of education remains unaddressed. Therefore, after getting degrees, they lag behind; only degrees are in their hand but not any ability. They depend on the degree focused education. This is the reason they remain unemployed. Given the facts above, copy culture specially practiced in Sindh and Balochistan has reduced education to an empty show and of no account. Further more, fiscal deficit in budget has detracted the ratio of employment and has made educational system weak or emaciated. The educational system is in shambles and hardly any budget is provided to reform system. The budget of this year has promised no better for Pakistani people. It has rather made them worried, only ten percent is given to amend education while fifty percent to defense. What a foolish practice it is! The root of the country problem is lack of education leading to lack of opportunities for employment which in turn gives rise to criminal and terrorist activities among the youth of the nation. Besides it, the percentage of employment varies according to industrial development of the country. Pakistan, however, is a backward country in industrial sphere. Government has not given any priority to promote industrialization in the country, lack of industrialization deprives the youths from employment. Last but not the least, favoritism in politics and lack of plan and management has also given birth to a puzzling condition in this regard. The favoritism in politics has created environment of self- aggrandizement so that every one is shackled with his own interests to a great extent. Every body chooses or supports and seconds the party members of its own for certain posts. That is why a poor even talented candidate faces joblessness. Moreover, lack of planned management for the future has been paving the way for the economic scrambles in the country so that the problem of employment is still unresolved satisfactorily. In this way, the first and foremost negative effect of unemployment is that it creates frustration among the youths. Lack of employment put a wide spread effect on them and various social evils and diseases take place among them. In the sequel, they pose a great threat to law and order of the nation so far. Even certain commit suicide in various cases it has been witnessed, while others fall in the lapse of criminality and hooliganism. Sinful and undesirable activities are, therefore, on the rise in the society. This not only mars the rhythm of national progress but also puts the coming future of nation on insecurity. In short, a country can not make head way whose new generation is unemployed, impoverished, backward and benighted. Therefore, the vistas of progress have got blurred and confused. Similarly, in the countries where talent is used in an apt way, they have established their supremacy in the comity of nations. The case of Japan is to learn from, which is known as Scientific and Economic Giant. However, unfortunately that new talent in Pakistan is made useless. Lack of opportunities has made the lives of the youths insipid and rather humdrum. Thus, national talent is of no use on which hope of the family and the future of the Pakistan rest on. In this wise, education is key to change and progress, both change and progress go hand in hand, no change no progress. Therefore, educational system should be stabilized and changed to prepare the youths according to the true values of life and especially the market demands. The liberal education in Pakistan should be provided to majority but not to the minority at door steps. We should seek the light from the model of SIR SYED AHMED KHAN. System should be reoriented to suit the needs of the developing country by making the standard courses. All the youth belonging to elites or non elites ought to be prepared in government colleges and universities that will lead the system to reform. Besides, copy culture ought to be put an end to by promoting merit culture in the country as possible. When copy culture is uprooted the true education would be supplied from topmost corner to the bottommost corner of the country. This being so, political parities should be excommunicated from the colleges and universities by creating peaceful environment for the students. Moreover, industrialization should be developed in the country that would lead to employment opportunities for the youth by contributing stability to the country. Pakistan is a poor country in regard of industrialization, therefore, there should be given top priority and upper hand to the boost of the industrialization. Finally, Quid e Azam Mohammad Ali jinnah, the father of the nation, called the youth and the students as the arsenal of muslim India. Hence, available youths activities and energies should be directed in a useful channel for the nations prosperity. Unemployment is an alarming tone for the survival of the country, solution to this problem is a must to wriggle the new generation out of the sense of deprivation.

Critical thinking R Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical thinking R - Coursework Example In the light of discussion by the CEO of Standard Chartered the discussion raises that if the strategies of the bank have been successful in the markets of Asia and Middle East then why the same strategies have not been applied to the Western and more developed markets at the time of crisis. The prevailing market condition develops a perception that developed and under developing markets have a considerable difference in the driving forces of market. The driving forces that derive the dynamics of banking industry are political, economical, socio-cultural, technological, legal and environmental forces. One more important thought that has been identified is regarding the main factors that differentiate the markets of developed and under developing countries in the era of Globalization. The prevailing circumstances highlight that the banks need to focus on the local markets as well along with the focus on highly framed global markets. The high competitive environment and dynamic consume r behavior have made all the banks accountable for all of its local and global strategies to enhance or modify the strategies with the passage of time to successfully compete in all the markets. In the light of the discussion by the Chairman of EMAAR properties, the real estate market of UAE is not changing it self with the recognized needs of the market. Youth of Asia is shifting to UAE with the purpose of employment and therefore with increasing number of immigrants, the real estate industry has become an important for the economy. Immigrants coming to UAE are mainly focusing on saving and are not spending too much. These immigrants are increasing in UAE with a fast rate and are searching for low cost accommodation to save their money. But unfortunately, the focus of most of the real estate developers in UAE is on a niche segment of luxury housing buyers. UAE has become a strong financial hub and the investment by multinationals in UAE is increasing as well so it is also driving

Nutri, Health & Wellness Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nutri, Health & Wellness - Lab Report Example To achieve safety delivery during this lifecycle, an expectant mother is given a schedule to follow during the pregnancy period. The main aim being to check the growth of the child, and if it is not safe, correction is done and also the mother is advised on maintaining her pregnancy period. Failure to get prenatal care, there are higher chances of the baby having low weight and may increase the chance of the baby’s death. Further, the doctor may spot health problems early enough when a mother accesses health facilities regularly. In addition, the doctor will treat them at an early stage before they spread and affect the baby. Prenatal care is not only on the checkups, but the doctor also gives the mother some advice on how to give her unborn baby a healthy start to life, for example by exposing her to exercises and good nutrition that will keep the baby on good health as he/she was before birth. During this prenatal phase, nutrition is very important to the health of the mother and for the child. These nutrients enable the growth of the child and also enables prevention of diseases from attacking the foetus during pregnancy. On the other hand, poor nutrition results to some challenges to the pregnant mother and also to the child (Marie C & McCormick, 1999). The nutrition challenge associated with the pregnancy include; morning sickness. It is a common nutrition-related problem during pregnancy. It usually lasts for six months during the first trimester. It frequently helps to eat little, or have regular meals throughout the day. Morning sickness is caused by strong flavored and highly seasoned foods, hence pregnant mothers are advised to avoid strong spiced and seasoned junks. Heartburn is another common challenge during pregnancy due to the hormones released by the placenta’s relaxation in the lower esophagus sphincter, which keeps food in the digestive system

Philosophy and Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Philosophy and Education - Assignment Example Being young kids and curious, excluding them from such participation may instigate hatred and as such; I can include them but protect them in the project by altering the activities they participate in and excluding their data. For example, I will prohibit Janice from the playdrough activity. The study on Math Fluency: Accuracy versus Speed in Preoperational and concrete Operational first and second grade children utilizes a quasi form of experimental design. This is because the study contains aspects of both qualitative and quantitative experiments but lack proper experimental controls that can make the researcher draw firm comparisons. It is easier to generate experimental results for general trends in circumstances where randomization and pre-selection of groups is difficult using a quasi experimental design. From the basis that most quasi experimental designs are integrated with individual case studies; results and figures obtained often affirm the findings and deductions made in a case study and therefore, permit a statistical analysis to take place. Since quasi experimental designs do not need extensive randomization and pre-screening, they cut down on both resources and time required to carry-out an experiment. Such a quasi research design can be improved through ensuring that proper statistical tests are carried out and proper randomization is done. It is necessary to incorporate control factors that might have had effects on experimental results. Since this research design entails an explicitly proven hypothesis: stress processing abilities influence reading development in a second, stress-based, language, with supporting statistical analyses in the form of tables, bar graphs, and other statistical diagrams, it is clearly a true experimental design. Such an experimental design eliminates the possibility of arguments with regard

Business Ethics and Success of Leadership Essay

Business Ethics and Success of Leadership - Essay Example The factors that stand important in the wake of successful teams include a commitment towards common goals and a simplistic and solitary objective which must be kept in mind at all times. These factors underline the basis of the teams performing a singular whole than disjointed units within the framework of the organization or the group that they are working under. A leader would guarantee that the team members remain on their toes and are up and ready in order to outperform each other so that the end result is one which will make the team stand out as a whole. The objectives of the team are more quintessential than the individual members and this is one aspect that the leader brings with him whilst formulating a high performance team. People selection and recruitment stands as a very essential step of the formulation of teams since right kind of people must be geared up to the task and it is a must to check the kind of motivation that these team members have at the very moment and whether or not the same would remain like that within the future. Thus these factors are deemed as very important whilst getting the people under an umbrella which would actually see that the teams would get the right kind of members within their hold and this is important since it will decide how the team would actually perform within the future and in the long run. A leader will also make sure that the business ethics are followed to the core and that there are no shortcomings in the wake of any such implementation basis.

Computer Security Threats faced by Small Businesses

Computer Security Threats faced by Small Businesses Business Systems Security Computer security threats faced by small businesses in Australia The Internet is an affordable and effective place for small businesses to sell and advertise their goods and services. However, the web gives chances to deceitful conduct and unapproved access to business and customer information. Attacks on the computer system of a business can have quick and progressive impacts. For example, focusing on clients for character violations or contaminating website visitors with malicious software. It is thought that small business in Australia have been eased back to execute security technology and policies that may protect their information systems, making them quite vulnerable against present and future dangers. In this report, an attempt is made to educate small business owners about the risks that they face and the mitigation strategies they could employ to make their organisation safer. In this paper, an overview is given of computer security dangers and threats confronted by small businesses and ventures. Having identified the dangers and threats, the implication for private and small business owners are explained alongside countermeasures that can be embraced to keep incidents from happening. The results obtained from the Australian Business Assessment of Computer User Security (ABACUS) survey, commissioned by the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC), are recorded to identify key risks (Challice 2009; Richards 2009). Added emerging threats relating to cloud computing wireless Internet, and spear phishing are also described, as well as the risks relating to online fraud. The ABACUS overview was involved in an arbitrary example of small, medium and large business. Businesses were studied to look at the nature and degree of Computer security breaches. Of the 4,000 respondents to the study, 3,290 (82.3%) were small businesses. Contrasted and their extent in the Australian business population, small business were under-examined. In any case, the survey was weighted by industry sort and how large the business is so that the data accumulated by every participant was proportionate in connection to the more extensive population being tested. Challice (2009) gives an outline of the research methodology. Results of the survey were congruent with previous findings, confirming that small businesses in Australia have embraced the use of technology, with 92 percent using it to some extent during 2006-07 (Richards 2009). Most small businesses reported the use of personal computers (85%) and laptops (54%). Presumably due to smaller staffing levels, fewer small businesses reported the use of a local area network (43%), wide area network (9%) or virtual private network (10%) than medium and large businesses (Richards 2009). During 2006-07, 14 percent of small companies announced having encountered at least one or more security breach occurrences (Richards 2009). Of these, 83 percent experienced one to five incidents, eight percent experienced six to 10 occurrences and nine percent experienced more than 10 incidents. Negative results were accounted for by 75 percent of small businesses taking after the most huge security incident. These included : Corruption of hardware or software (42%); Corruption or loss of data (31%); Unavailability of service (38%); Non-critical operational losses (24%); Non-critical financial losses (12%); Critical financial losses (5%); Theft of business, confidential or proprietary information (5%); Theft or loss of hardware (4%); Harm to reputation (4%); Critical operational losses (4%); website defacement (2%); and Other (1%; Richards 2009: 69). When a computer security incident occurred, the average loss to a small business was $2,431 (Richards 2009). The Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification was used to determine the industry sectors covered by the survey (Richards 2009). The ABACUS results indicated that each industry sector experienced a relatively even proportion of computer security incidents (Richards 2009). Threats Small Businesses may do not have the ability to distinguish and manage computer security incidents (Williams and Manhcke 2010), making them an appealing focus for online offenders (Verizon 2011). A review of a portion of the threats confronted by small businesses, including the nature of the threat and potential results, is provided in the following section. Situations include malware contamination, wireless internet misuse and session hijacking, online fraud, compromised websites, denial of service attacks, phishing, spear phishing, unauthorised access and risks associated with cloud computing. While this overview is not exhaustive, it aims to increase awareness of the types of vulnerabilities small business operators may face. Malware viruses, malicious code and spyware as causing the greatest financial loss and 60 percent identified these incidents as being the most significant (Richards 2009). References to be used: AusCERT 2008. Protecting your computer from malicious code. Brisbane: University of Queensland. http://www.auscert.org.au/render.html?it=3352 Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2010. Counts of Australian businesses, including entries and exits. cat. no. 8165.0. Canberra: ABS. http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/4B1441D347457CF6CA2577C2000F0A05/$File/81650_jun%202007%20to%20jun%202009.pdf

Route March Rest by Vernon Scannell, Night Raid by Desmond Hawkins, :: English Literature

Route March Rest by Vernon Scannell, Night Raid by Desmond Hawkins, The Battle by Louis Simpson - How do the poets communicate emotional or moving responses to war? What do these poems tell us about wartime life and the thoughts and feelings of civilians and soldiers? How do the poets communicate emotional or moving responses to war? The following essay will try to answer the question above. Using references and quotes from three wartime poems I will explain what they tell us about wartime life and the thoughts and feelings of civilians and soldiers. I will also clarify how the poets communicate emotional and moving responses to the disturbing war. The three poems that will be analysed are: Â · Route March Rest - by Vernon Scannell, Â · Night Raid - by Desmond Hawkins, Â · The Battle - by Louis Simpson. I have selected these poems because they contain both similarity and contrast. These aspects are important in order to produce a high-quality essay as they provide a more balanced view of the poems. Both the contrasts and similarities will be shown to give the reader a clearer overview of the poems. The three poems, as mentioned above, have all been written during wartime and therefore display hatred towards the fighting. However, they demonstrate this dislike using different methods. Vernon Scannell's technique in Route March Rest is important as he uses contrasting images and descriptions to create an overall picture of death and dismay. Scannell does this by initially introducing a scene of harshness using such tough words as "skulls", "thumping", "crunched" and "clanked". He then smoothes the picture out by creating a more calmed and restful atmosphere using such soft words as "silent, cool" and "bright as buttercups". But this is short lived as the marching image is reintroduced and the word "die" is placed at the end. Desmond Hawkins technique in Night Raid is very unique as it is done using completely free verses. At the start, strange characters are introduced which immediately creates anxiety. Harsh sentences such as "If there's a bomb made for YOU, You're going to get it" highlight the feelings of distress and misery present in all of the various people. War is also displayed negatively using this sentence: "She was shivering and laughing and throwing her head back". People would not normally be doing this and so it makes the reader link disease-like behaviour with war. Louis Simpson's technique in The Battle is fascinating as he uses repetition, onomatopoeia, tempo and colours to produce an "anti-war" description. The three poems are similar as they are all about the negative aspects of war, but they differ in terms of